Koch-Haaf Carboxylations

H. Koch, Brennstoff Chem. 36, 321 (1955); H. Koch, W. Haaf, Ann. 618, 251 (1958).

Formation of tertiary carboxylic acids by treating alcohols with carbon monoxide in strong acid:

H. Langhals et al., Tetrahedron Letters 22, 2365 (1981); R. R. Rao, J. Bhattacharya, Indian J. Chem. 20B, 207 (1981); eidem, ibid. 21B, 405 (1982); O. Farooq et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110, 864 (1988). Reviews: K. E. Möller, Brennstoff Chem. 47, 10 (1966); Y. T. Eidus, et al., Russ. Chem. Rev. 42, 199 (1973); H. Bahrmann, “Koch Reactions” in New Syntheses with Carbon Monoxide, J. Falbe, Ed. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1980) pp 372-413.

Extension to olefins:

G. Olah, J. Olah in Friedel-Crafts and Related Reactions vol. 3, Part 2, G. A. Olah, Ed. (Interscience, New York, 1964) pp 1272-1296; C. W. Bird, Chem. Rev. 62, 283 (1962). Extension to amides: C. Leonte, E. Carp, Rev. Roum. Chim. 34, 1241 (1989).