Doebner Reaction

O. Doebner, Ann. 242, 265 (1887); Ber. 20, 277 (1887); 27, 352, 2020 (1894).

Formation of substituted cinchoninic acids from aromatic amines on heating with aldehydes and pyruvic acid:

F. W. Bergström, Chem. Rev. 35, 156 (1944); R. C. Elderfield, Heterocyclic Compounds 4, 25 (1952); C. Centini, Rev. Soe. Venez. Quim. 7(5), 265 (1970), C.A. 74, 76301x (1971); G. E. Gream, A. K. Serelis, Aust. J. Chem. 31, 863 (1978). Cf. Combes Quinoline Synthesis; Conrad-Limpach Reaction.