Widman-Stoermer Synthesis

O. Widman, Ber. 17, 722 (1884); R. Stoermer, H. Fincke, Ber. 42, 3115 (1909).

Synthesis of cinnolines by cyclization of diazotized o-aminoarylethylenes at room temperature:

N. J. Leonard, Chem. Rev. 37, 270 (1945); J. C. E. Simpson, Condensed Pyridazine and Pyrazine Rings (New York, 1953) p 6; T. L. Jacobs, Heterocyclic Compounds 6, 137 (1957); G. R. Ramage, J. K. Landquist, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds IVB, 1217 (1959). Cf. von Richter (Cinnoline) Synthesis.