Chichibabin Pyridine Synthesis

A. E. Chichibabin, J. Russ. Phys. Chem. Soc. 37, 1229 (1906); J. Prakt. Chem. 107, 122 (1924).

Condensation of carbonyl compounds with ammonia or amines under pressure to form pyridine derivatives; the reaction is reversible and produces different pyridine derivatives along with byproducts:

M. M. Sprung, Chem. Rev. 26, 301 (1940); R. L. Frank, R. P. Seven, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 71, 2629 (1949); H. S. Mosher, Heterocyclic Compounds 1, 456 (1950); J. A. Gautier, J. Renault, Bull. Soc. Chim. France 1955, 588; C. P. Farley, E. L. Eliel, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 78, 3477 (1956); A. T. Soldatenkov, Zh. Org. Khim. 16, 188 (1980). Cf. Hantzsch (Dihydro)Pyridine Synthesis; Kröhnke Pyridine Synthesis.