Michael Reaction (Addition) (Condensation)

A. Michael, J. Prakt. Chem. [2] 35, 349 (1887).

Base-promoted conjugate addition of carbon nucleophiles (donors) to activated unsaturated systems (acceptors):

Reviews: E. D. Bergmann et al., Org. React. 10, 179-555 (1959); H. O. House, Modern Synthetic Reactions (W. A. Benjamin, Menlo Park, California, 2nd ed., 1972) pp 595-623; M. E. Jung, Comp. Org. Syn. 4, 1-67 (1991). Review of organometallic nucleophiles: D. A. Hunt et al., Org. Prep. Proced. Int. 21, 705-749 (1989); V. J. Lee, Comp. Org. Syn. 4, 69-137, 139-168 (1991); J. A. Kozlowski, ibid. 169-198. Reviews of stereoselective synthesis: H.-G. Schmalz, ibid. 199-236; D. A. Oare, C. H. Heathcock, Top. Stereochem. 20, 87-170 (1991); J. d'Angelo et al., Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 3, 459-505 (1992); J. Leonard et al., Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 2051-2061. Cf. Nagata Hydrocyanation; Robinson Annulation.