Tyloxapol
Phenol, 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-, polymer with formaldehyde and oxirane. p-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)phenol polymer with ethylene oxide and formaldehyde ![]() ![]() ![]() » Tyloxapol is a nonionic liquid polymer of the alkyl aryl polyether alcohol type.
notePrecautions should be exercised to prevent contact of Tyloxapol with metals.
Packaging and storage
Preserve in tight containers.
Identification, Infrared Absorption
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Cloud point
Transfer 1.0 g of it, previously mixed, to a 150-mL beaker. Add 100.0 mL of water, and mix until solution is effected. Warm the solution while mixing: transient turbidity may be observed as the solution is warmed. Determine the temperature at which the mixture becomes completely turbid: the cloud point is between 92
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pH
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Residue on ignition
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Free phenol
To 10 mL of a solution (1 in 100) add 1 mL of bromine TS, and mix: no cloudiness or precipitation is observed immediately.
Limit of anionic detergents
Mix 20 mL of a solution (1 in 100) with 30 mL of water in a 125-mL separator. In a second 125-mL separator mix 50 mL of water and 1 mL of a solution of sodium lauryl sulfate containing 150 µg per mL. To both separators add 2 drops of 3 N hydrochloric acid, 1 drop of methylene blue solution (1 in 25), and 25 mL of chloroform. Shake both separators gently for 2 minutes, allow to stand for 10 minutes, and transfer the chloroform layers to individual separators. Wash the chloroform extracts with separate 25-mL portions of water, transfer the chloroform solutions to matched 50-mL color-comparison tubes, and view downward over a white surface: the chloroform solution from the Tyloxapol preparation is not darker than that from the sodium lauryl sulfate preparation, corresponding to not more than 0.075% of anionic detergents (as sodium lauryl sulfate).
Limit of ethylene oxide
Standard preparation
[CautionEthylene oxide is toxic and flammable. Prepare in a well-ventilated hood, using great care.] Transfer 25 mL of dimethylformamide to a 50-mL volumetric flask, and weigh accurately. Add about 0.5 mL of ethylene oxide, and mix. Reweigh to obtain the weight of ethylene oxide by difference. Dilute with dimethylformamide to volume, and mix. Dilute a portion of this solution with dimethylformamide to obtain a Standard preparation having a known concentration of about 10 ppm of ethylene oxide.
Test preparation
Transfer 1 g of Tyloxapol, accurately weighed, to a glass-stoppered, 5-mL graduated cylinder. Dilute with dimethylformamide to 2.0 mL, and mix.
Chromatographic system
(see Chromatography
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Procedure
Separately inject equal volumes (about 3 µL) of the Standard preparation and the Test preparation into the chromatograph, record the chromatograms, and measure the responses for the major peaks. Calculate the quantity, in ppm, of ethylene oxide in the portion of Tyloxapol taken by the formula:
2(C / W)(rU / rS)
in which C is the concentration, in µg per mL, of ethylene oxide in the Standard preparation, W is the weight, in g, of Tyloxapol taken in the Test preparation, and rU and rS are the ethylene oxide peak responses obtained from the Test preparation and the Standard preparation, respectively: not more than 10 ppm of ethylene oxide are found.
Limit of formaldehyde
Standard preparations
Weigh 2.7 g of formaldehyde solution into a 100-mL volumetric flask, dilute with water to volume, and mix. Transfer 1.0 mL of this solution to a second 100-mL volumetric flask, dilute with water to volume, and mix. Transfer 10.0 mL of this second solution to a third 100-mL volumetric flask, dilute with water to volume, and mix. Transfer 750 µL of this solution to a 25-mL volumetric flask containing 5 mL of a solution of isopropyl alcohol (4 in 10).
Test preparation
Transfer 2.0 g of Tyloxapol to a 10-mL volumetric flask, and dissolve in a solution of isopropyl alcohol (4 in 10), then dilute with a solution of isopropyl alcohol (4 in 10) to volume, and mix. Transfer 500 µL of this solution to a 25-mL volumetric flask containing 5 mL of isopropyl alcohol solution (4 in 10).
Procedure
To the Standard preparation, the Test preparation, and a blank, prepared by placing 5 mL of isopropyl alcohol solution (4 in 10) in a 25-mL volumetric flask, add 500 µL of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride solution (7.5 in 100), mix, and allow to stand for 10 ± 1 minutes. Add 300 µL of potassium ferricyanide solution (1 in 20) to each flask, mix, and allow to stand for 5 minutes ± 30 seconds. Then add 2.0 mL of 2.5 N sodium hydroxide to each, mix, and allow to stand for 4 ± 1 minutes. Dilute each flask with isopropyl alcohol solution (4 in 10) to volume, mix, and after 10 ± 3 minutes determine the absorbances of the preparations, in 1-cm cells, at the wavelength of maximum absorbance at about 520 nm, with a suitable spectrophotometer, using the blank to set the instrument. The absorbance of the solution from the Test preparation does not exceed that of the solution from the Standard preparation, corresponding to not more than 0.0075% of formaldehyde.
Absence of cationic detergents
Place 10 mL of a solution (1 in 100) in a glass-stoppered, 50-mL graduated cylinder, and make distinctly alkaline to litmus with sodium carbonate TS (about 1 mL). Add 4 mL of aqueous bromophenol blue solution (1 in 2500), mix, and add 10 mL of a 1 in 10 solvent mixture of ethylene dichloride in toluene. Shake gently, and allow the layers to separate: no blue color is observed in the organic solvent layer.
Auxiliary Information
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Chromatographic Column
USP32NF27 Page 3828
Chromatographic columns text is not derived from, and not part of, USP 32 or NF 27.
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