Title: Teichoic Acids
Literature References: Major components of walls and membranes of a number of bacteria, accounting for 20 to 60% of the dry weight of cell walls. Teichoic acids vary considerably in structure but are all rich in phosphodiester linkages. Depending on their location, they can be divided into two classes: membrane and cell-wall teichoic acids. Reviews: Baddiley, Endeavour 23, 33 (1964); idem, Proc. Roy. Soc. London 170B, 331 (1968); idem, Acc. Chem. Res. 3, 98 (1970); M. Duckworth in Surface Carbohydrates of the Procaryotic Cell, I. W. Sutherland, Ed. (Academic Press, London, 1977) pp 177-208.
Derivative Type: Membrane teichoic acids
Literature References: Contain polyglycerol phosphate chains linking positions 1 and 3 on adjacent glycerol units through the phosphodiesters, with glycosyl substituents and alanine residues on some or all of the 2 positions. Structural studies: Kelemen, Baddiley, Biochem. J. 80, 246 (1961). Biosynthetic studies: Burger, Glaser, J. Biol. Chem. 239, 3168, 3187 (1964); 241, 494 (1966). Synthesis of a membrane teichoic acid fragment of Staphylococcus aureus: J. Oltvoort et al., Rec. Trav. Chim. 101, 87 (1982).
Derivative Type: Wall teichoic acids
Literature References: Have greater structural diversity and include also polyribitol phosphate chains linking positions 1 and 5 on adjacent ribitol residues. Polymers may contain 6 to 20 repeating units. Structural studies: Armstrong et al., Biochem. J. 76, 610 (1960); Baddiley, ibid. 85, 49 (1962). Biosynthetic studies: Glaser, J. Biol. Chem. 239, 3178 (1964). Molecular arrangement in cell wall of Staphylococcus lactis: Archibald et al., Nature New Biol. 241, 29 (1973).
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