Bradykinin

Literature References: A tissue hormone belonging to a group of hypotensive peptides known as plasma kinins. First obtained by incubation with the venom of Bothrops jararaca or with crystalline trypsin: Rocha e Silva et al., Cien Cult. (Sao Paulo) 1, 32 (1949); eidem, Am. J. Physiol. 156, 261 (1949); Prado et al., Arch. Biochem. 27, 410 (1950); Werle et al., Biochem. Z. 320, 372 (1950). Large scale prepn from whole bovine plasma: Hamberg, Deutsch, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 76, 262 (1958). Formed by proteolysis of a precursor in the globulin fraction of plasma referred to as kininogen by the action of enzymes such as trypsin, plasmin, and plasma kallikrein, q.q.v. Acts on smooth muscle, dilates peripheral vessels, increases capillary permeability. Also is a potent pain-producing agent. Structure: Elliott et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 3, 87 (1960); Werle et al., Z. Physiol. Chem. 326, 174 (1961). Synthesis: Boissonnas et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 43, 1349 (1960); 45, 170 (1962); Merrifield, Biochemistry 3, 1385 (1964); Young et al., J. Chem. Soc. C 1971, 46; Bajusz et al., HU 3840 (1972 to Gyogyszerkutato Intézet), C.A. 77, 20027g (1972); F. Sipos, DE 2212787; idem, US 3714140 (1972, 1973 both to Squibb); Corley et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 47, 1353 (1972); N. S. S. Kumari et al., Indian J. Chem. 17B, 152 (1979). Review: Schröder, Hempel, Experientia 20, 529 (1964).

Properties: Amorphous precipitate. [a]D25 -76.5° (c = 1.37 in 1N acetic acid). Sol in glacial acetic acid, in a 10% soln of trichloroacetic acid, 70% ethanol, in hot methanol; less sol in 90% ethanol or cold methanol. Almost insol in acetone, chloroform, ethyl ether, ethyl methyl ketone, petr ether, butanol, amyl alcohol, ethyl acetate.