Title: Lignin
CAS Registry Number: 9005-53-2
Literature References: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose, q.q.v., are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. Monographs: F. E. Brauns, D. A. Brauns, The Chemistry of Lignin, Supplement Volume covering the literature 1949-1958 (Academic Press, New York, 1960) 804 pp; I. A. Pearl, The Chemistry of Lignin (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1967) 360 pp. Structural aspects and applications: H. Veeramani, G. A. Wani, Chem. Ind. Dev. 11, 13-25 (1977). Chemistry and structure: C. A. Reddy, L. Forney, Dev. Ind. Microbiol. 19, 27-34 (1978). Reviews: Nord, Shubert, Sci. Am. 199, no. 4, 104-113 (Oct. 1958); I. A. Pearl, "Lignin as a Raw Material for the Production of Pure Chemicals," J. Chem. Educ. 35, 502 (1958); D. W. Goheen, C. H. Hoyt in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology vol. 14, (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 3rd ed., 1981) pp 294-312.
Use: Source of vanillin, syringic aldehyde, dimethyl sulfoxide. Extender for phenolic plastics, to strengthen rubber (esp for shoe soles), as oil mud additive, to stabilize asphalt emulsions, to precipitate proteins. |