*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : AB6825000
CHEMICAL NAME : Acetamide,
2,2-dichloro-N-(beta-hydroxy-alpha-(hydroxymethyl)-p-
nitrophenethyl)-, D-(-)-threo-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 56-75-7
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. : 2225532
REFERENCE : 4-13-00-02742 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
LAST UPDATED : 199707
DATA ITEMS CITED : 96
MOLECULAR FORMULA : C11-H12-Cl2-N2-O5
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 323.15
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : WNR DYQY1QMVYGG
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Agricultural Chemical
Tumorigen
Drug
Mutagen
Reproductive Effector
Human
Natural Product
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* Acetamide,
2,2-dichloro-N-(beta-hydroxy-alpha-(hydroxymethyl)-p-nitrophenethyl)-
* Acetamide,
2,2-dichloro-N-(2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl)-,
(R-(R*,R*))-
* Alficetyn
* Ambofen
* Amphenicol
* Amphicol
* Amseclor
* Anacetin
* Aquamycetin
* Austracol
* Biocetin
* Biophenicol
* CAF (pharmaceutical)
* CAM
* CAP
* Catilan
* Chemicetin
* Chemicetina
* Chlomin
* Chlomycol
* Chloramex
* Chloramfenikol
* Chloramphenicol
* D-Chloramphenicol
* D-threo-Chloramphenicol
* D-(-)-threo-Chloramphenicol
* Chloramsaar
* Chlorasol
* Chlora-tabs
* Chloricol
* Chlornitromycin
* Chloroamphenicol
* Chlorocaps
* Chlorocid
* Chlorocide
* Chlorocidin C
* Chlorocidin C tetran
* Chlorocid S
* Chlorocol
* Chloroject L
* Chloromax
* Chloromycetin
* Chloromycetny
* Chloronitrin
* Chloroptic
* Chloro-25 vetag
* Chlorovules
* Cidocetine
* Ciplamycetin
* Cloramficin
* Cloramicol
* Cloramidina
* Cloroamfenicolo
* Clorocyn
* Cloromisan
* Clorosintex
* Comycetin
* CPh
* Cylphenicol
* Desphen
* Detreomycine
* D-(-)-threo-2-Dichloroacetamido-1-p-nitrophenyl-1,3-propanediol
* D-threo-N-Dichloroacetyl-1-p-nitrophenyl-2-amino-1,3-propanediol
* D-(-)-threo-2,2-Dichloro-N-(beta-hydroxy-alpha-(hydroxymethyl))-p-nitrop
henethylacetamide
* D-(-)-2,2-Dichloro-N-(beta-hydroxy-alpha-(hydroxymethyl)-p-nitrophenylet
hyl)acetamide
* D-threo-N-(1,1'-Dihydroxy-1-p-nitrophenylisopropyl)dichloroacetamide
* Doctamicina
* Econochlor
* Embacetin
* Emetren
* Enicol
* Enteromycetin
* Erbaplast
* Ertilen
* Farmicetina
* Fenicol
* Globenicol
* Glorous
* Halomycetin
* Hortfenicol
* I 337A
* Intramycetin
* Isicetin
* Ismicetina
* Isophenicol
* Isopto fenicol
* Juvamycetin
* Kamaver
* Kemicetina
* Kemicetine
* Klorita
* Klorocid S
* Leukomyan
* Leukomycin
* Levomicetina
* Levomycetin
* Loromisin
* Mastiphen
* Mediamycetine
* Micloretin
* Microcetina
* Mychel
* Mycinol
* NCI-C55709
* D-(-)-threo-1-p-Nitrophenyl-2-dichloracetamido-1,3-propanediol
* D-threo-1-(p-Nitrophenyl)-2-(dichloroacetylamino)-1,3-propanediol
* Normimycin V
* Novochlorocap
* Novomycetin
* Novophenicol
* NSC 3069
* Oftalent
* Oleomycetin
* Opclor
* Ophthochlor
* Otachron
* Otophen
* Pantovernil
* Paraxin
* Pentamycetin
* Quemicetina
* Rivomycin
* Romphenil
* Septicol
* Sificetina
* Sintomicetina
* Sintomicetine R
* Stanomycetin
* Synthomycetin
* Synthomycetine
* Tevcocin
* Tifomycin
* Tifomycine
* Treomicetina
* U-6062
* Unimycetin
* Veticol
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - infant
DOSE/DURATION : 440 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Gastrointestinal - other changes
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
REFERENCE :
JAMAAP JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association. (AMA, 535 N.
Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.1- 1883- Volume(issue)/page/year:
234,149,1975
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION : 400 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - coma
Vascular - shock
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis
REFERENCE :
JAMAAP JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association. (AMA, 535 N.
Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.1- 1883- Volume(issue)/page/year:
234,149,1975
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - child
DOSE/DURATION : 250 mg/kg/10D
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes
Blood - hemorrhage
Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified)
REFERENCE :
CPEDAM Clinical Pediatrics (Philadelphia). (Lippincott/Harper, Journal
Fulfillment Dept., 2350 Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1962-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,499,1975
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - infant
DOSE/DURATION : 30 mg/kg/3D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - cardiac output
Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section
REFERENCE :
JOPDAB Journal of Pediatrics. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial
Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) V.1- 1932- Volume(issue)/page/year:
103,487,1983
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - infant
DOSE/DURATION : 250 mg/kg/2D
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Vascular - change in plasma or blood volume
REFERENCE :
NEJMAG New England Journal of Medicine. (Massachusetts Medical Soc., 10
Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115) V.198- 1928- Volume(issue)/page/year:
262,787,1960
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - infant
DOSE/DURATION : 200 mg/kg/4D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Blood - eosinophilia
Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, allergic (after systemic exposure)
REFERENCE :
LANCAO Lancet. (7 Adam St., London WC2N 6AD, UK) V.1- 1823-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,555,1986
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 2500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FRPSAX Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica. (Casella Postale 227, 27100 Pavia,
Italy) V.8-43 1953-88 For publisher information, see FRMCE8
Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,3,1955
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 1811 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
18,185,1971
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 5 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
9,445,1966
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 171 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JCINAO Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Rockefeller Univ. Press, 1230
York Ave., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1924- Volume(issue)/page/year:
28,943,1949
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 1500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag,
Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,1,1955
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 1100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
DIPHAH Dissertationes Pharmaceuticae. (Warsaw, Poland) V.1-17, 1949-65.
For publisher information, see PJPPAA. Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,21,1962
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 400 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
85ERAY "Antibiotics: Origin, Nature, and Properties," Korzyoski, T., et al.,
eds., Washington, DC, American Soc. for Microbiology, 1978
Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,493,1978
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 110 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Behavioral - ataxia
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
REFERENCE :
JCINAO Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Rockefeller Univ. Press, 1230
York Ave., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1924- Volume(issue)/page/year:
28,943,1949
TYPE OF TEST : LD - Lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : >300 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JCINAO Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Rockefeller Univ. Press, 1230
York Ave., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1924- Volume(issue)/page/year:
28,943,1949
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 150 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
REFERENCE :
JOBAAY Journal of Bacteriology. (American Soc. for Microbiology, 1913 I
St., NW, Washington, DC 20006) V.1- 1916- Volume(issue)/page/year:
55,425,1948
TYPE OF TEST : LD - Lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : >101 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JCINAO Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Rockefeller Univ. Press, 1230
York Ave., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1924- Volume(issue)/page/year:
28,943,1949
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 117 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JCINAO Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Rockefeller Univ. Press, 1230
York Ave., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1924- Volume(issue)/page/year:
28,943,1949
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FRPSAX Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica. (Casella Postale 227, 27100 Pavia,
Italy) V.8-43 1953-88 For publisher information, see FRMCE8
Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,3,1955
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 560 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FRPSAX Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica. (Casella Postale 227, 27100 Pavia,
Italy) V.8-43 1953-88 For publisher information, see FRMCE8
Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,21,1954
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 60 mg/kg/60D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and
Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)
V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
Volume(issue)/page/year: 25(4),45,1981
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 17416 mg/kg/4W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
JCINAO Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Rockefeller Univ. Press, 1230
York Ave., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1924- Volume(issue)/page/year:
28,943,1949
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 33600 mg/kg/14D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes
Liver - changes in liver weight
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 86,47,1996
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 960 mg/kg/4D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - changes in other cell count (unspecified)
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - dehydrogenases
REFERENCE :
AMBIEH Antibiotiki i Meditsinskaya Biotekhnologiya. Antibiotics and Medical
Biotechnology. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.30-V.32,
1985-1987 Volume(issue)/page/year: 30,449,1985
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 2800 mg/kg/2W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - food intake (animal)
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - other changes
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
JCINAO Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Rockefeller Univ. Press, 1230
York Ave., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1924- Volume(issue)/page/year:
28,943,1949
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 6400 mg/kg/3W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - food intake (animal)
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - proteinuria
REFERENCE :
JCINAO Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Rockefeller Univ. Press, 1230
York Ave., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1924- Volume(issue)/page/year:
28,943,1949
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 2100 mg/kg/2W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - other changes
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
JCINAO Journal of Clinical Investigation. (Rockefeller Univ. Press, 1230
York Ave., New York, NY 10021) V.1- 1924- Volume(issue)/page/year:
28,943,1949
** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION : 300 mg/kg/60W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified)
Blood - leukemia
REFERENCE :
NEJMAG New England Journal of Medicine. (Massachusetts Medical Soc., 10
Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115) V.198- 1928- Volume(issue)/page/year:
277,1003,1967
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 2500 mg/kg/5W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
41,3478,1981
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION : 1680 mg/kg/6W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Blood - aplastic anemia
Blood - leukemia
REFERENCE :
NEJMAG New England Journal of Medicine. (Massachusetts Medical Soc., 10
Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115) V.198- 1928- Volume(issue)/page/year:
277,1003,1967
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION : 434 mg/kg/W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Blood - aplastic anemia
Blood - leukemia
REFERENCE :
ACHAAH Acta Haematologica. (S. Karger Pub., Inc., 79 Fifth Ave., New York,
NY 10003) V.1- 1948- Volume(issue)/page/year: 66,267,1981
** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 23 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - other effects to embryo
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - homeostasis
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,291,1975
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 2500 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
REFERENCE :
AAGEAA Arkhiv Anatomii, Gistologii i Embriologii. Archives of Anatomy,
Histology and Embryology. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)
V.1-101, 1916-91. Discontinued Volume(issue)/page/year: 60(5),25,1971
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 2500 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 11 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
AAGEAA Arkhiv Anatomii, Gistologii i Embriologii. Archives of Anatomy,
Histology and Embryology. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)
V.1-101, 1916-91. Discontinued Volume(issue)/page/year: 60(5),25,1971
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 2 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - body wall
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
19,667,1971
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 250 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 3 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility
REFERENCE :
EXPEAM Experientia. (Birkhaeuser Verlag, POB 133, CH-4010 Basel,
Switzerland) V.1- 1945- Volume(issue)/page/year: 35,1649,1979
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 2400 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 12-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
VHAGAS Verhandlungen der Anatomischen Gesellschaft. (VEB Gustav Fischer
Verlag, Postfach 176, Jena, DDR-6900, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1- 1887-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 71,623,1977
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 3500 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 6-10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured
before birth)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
OSDIAF Osaka Shiritsu Daigaku Igaku Zasshi. Journal of the Osaka City
Medical Center. (Osaka, Japan) V.4-23, 1955-74. For publisher
information, see OIGZDE. Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,107,1965
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 3500 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 6-10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
REFERENCE :
OSDIAF Osaka Shiritsu Daigaku Igaku Zasshi. Journal of the Osaka City
Medical Center. (Osaka, Japan) V.4-23, 1955-74. For publisher
information, see OIGZDE. Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,107,1965
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 2 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - cytological changes (including
somatic cell genetic material)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - other effects to embryo
REFERENCE :
AEMBAP Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. (Plenum Pub. Corp.,
233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year:
27,291,1972
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 5500 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 5-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
19,667,1971
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 7 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 6-12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured
before birth)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
19,667,1971
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 6 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8-10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
19,667,1971
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 175 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 15-21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
NEPHBW Neuropharmacology. (Pergamon Press Ltd., Headington Hill Hall,
Oxford OX3 OBW, UK) V.9- 1970- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,233,1974
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 2 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 12-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
REFERENCE :
VHAGAS Verhandlungen der Anatomischen Gesellschaft. (VEB Gustav Fischer
Verlag, Postfach 176, Jena, DDR-6900, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1- 1887-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 67,551,1973
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE : 4 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8-11 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured
before birth)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
19,667,1971
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE : 4 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 6-9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
19,667,1971
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE : 2700 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 11-19 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - abortion
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
JJANAX Japanese Journal of Antibiotics. (Japan Antibiotics Research Assoc.,
2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.21- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,353,1970
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE : 2700 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 2-10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - female fertility index (e.g. # females pregnant
per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated)
REFERENCE :
JJANAX Japanese Journal of Antibiotics. (Japan Antibiotics Research Assoc.,
2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141, Japan) V.21- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,353,1970
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 5 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
BBRCA9 Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. (Academic
Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 78,151,1977
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 5 mg/L
REFERENCE :
NATUAS Nature. (Nature Subscription Dept., POB 1018, Manasguan, NJ 08736)
V.1- 1869- Volume(issue)/page/year: 271,385,1978
TYPE OF TEST : DNA repair
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 6 ug/disc
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 97,1,1982
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 2 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
BBRCA9 Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. (Academic
Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 78,151,1977
TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 8 mg/L
REFERENCE :
JOBAAY Journal of Bacteriology. (American Soc. for Microbiology, 1913 I
St., NW, Washington, DC 20006) V.1- 1916- Volume(issue)/page/year:
77,10,1959
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 2 gm/L
REFERENCE :
JOBAAY Journal of Bacteriology. (American Soc. for Microbiology, 1913 I
St., NW, Washington, DC 20006) V.1- 1916- Volume(issue)/page/year:
115,786,1973
TYPE OF TEST : Phage inhibition capacity
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 1 gm/L
REFERENCE :
ZAPOAK Zeitschrift fuer Allgemeine Mikrobiologie. (Akademie-Verlag GmbH,
Postfach 1233, Berlin DDR-1086 Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1- 1960-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,583,1972
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Bacillus subtilis
DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MGGEAE Molecular and General Genetics. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl.
3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.99- 1967-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 189,73,1983
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Microorganism - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 74,113,1980
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Microorganism - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 1200 mg/L
REFERENCE :
ARMKA7 Archiv fuer Mikrobiologie. (Berlin, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-94,
1930-73. For publisher information, see AMICCW. Volume(issue)/page/year:
81,1,1972
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Protozoa - Euglena gracilis
DOSE/DURATION : 3300 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CYTZAM Cytobiologie. (Stuttgart, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-18, 1969-79. For
publisher information, see EJCBDN. Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,280,1974
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Insect - grasshopper
DOSE/DURATION : 5 mg
REFERENCE :
PISCAD Proceedings of the Indian Science Congress. (Indian Science Congress
Assoc., 14, Dr. Biresh Guha St., Calcutta, 700017, India) 1st- 1914-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,408,1967
TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM : Human Liver
DOSE/DURATION : 1 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 260,65,1991
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Human Bone marrow
DOSE/DURATION : 1500 umo/L
REFERENCE :
46GFA5 "Safety Problems Related to Chloramphenicol and Thiamphenicol
Therapy," Najean, Y., et al., eds., New York, Raven Press, 1981
Volume(issue)/page/year: -,17,1981
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 1 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 320,207,1994
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Human Leukocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/L
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
33,1829,1973
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 500 mg/L
REFERENCE :
HUMAA7 Humangenetik. (Heidelberg, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-30, 1964-75. For
publisher information, see HUGEDQ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,305,1969
TYPE OF TEST : DNA repair
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Liver
DOSE/DURATION : 1600 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CYLPDN Zhongguo Yaoli Xuebao. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. Chinese Journal
of Pharmacology. (China International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820,
Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year:
10,543,1989
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Lung
DOSE/DURATION : 4 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 260,65,1991
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Liver
DOSE/DURATION : 2 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 260,65,1991
TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Liver
DOSE/DURATION : 2 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 260,65,1991
TYPE OF TEST : Body fluid assay
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat HeLa cell
DOSE/DURATION : 1 gm/kg
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,874,1967
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 500 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
FOBLAN Folia Biologica (Prague). (Academic Press Inc. Ltd., 24-28 Oval Rd.,
London NW1 7DX, UK) V.1- 1955- Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,60,1975
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 50 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
CHRTBC Chromosomes Today. (George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 40 Museum St., London
WC1A 1LU, UK) V.1- 1966- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,277,1973
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Embryo
DOSE/DURATION : 30 mg/L
REFERENCE :
SHIGAZ Shigaku. Ondotology. (Nippon Shika Daigaku Shigakkai, 1-9-20
Fujimi, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102, Japan) V.38- 1949-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 74,1385,1987
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Mammal - domestic Leukocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 500 ug/L
REFERENCE :
RVMVAH Revue de Medecine Veterinaire (Toulouse). (Ecole Nationale
Veterinaire de Toulouse, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse, France)
V.89(2)- 1937- Volume(issue)/page/year: 126,1611,1975
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Mammal - pig Leukocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 50 ug/L
REFERENCE :
RVMVAH Revue de Medecine Veterinaire (Toulouse). (Ecole Nationale
Veterinaire de Toulouse, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse, France)
V.89(2)- 1937- Volume(issue)/page/year: 126,1611,1975
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Mammal - cattle Fibroblast
DOSE/DURATION : 5 mg/L
REFERENCE :
RVTSA9 Research in Veterinary Science. (British Veterinary Assoc., 7
Mansfield St., London W1M OAT, UK) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year:
52,256,1992
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Mammal - cattle Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 5 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 319,11,1993
*** REVIEWS ***
IARC Cancer Review:Human Limited Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,85,1976
IARC Cancer Review:Human Limited Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 50,169,1990
IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,85,1976
IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 50,169,1990
IARC Cancer Review:Group 2A
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 50,169,1990
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
PLMJAP Pahlavi Medical Journal. (Shiraz, Iran) V.1-9, 1970-78.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,160,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CLANA4 Clinical Anesthesia. (Philadelphia, PA 19103) V.1-11, 1963-76.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 10(Pt 1),283,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
PCNAA8 Pediatric Clinics of North America. (W.B. Saunders Co., W.
Washington Sq., Philadelphia, PA 19105) V.1- 1954-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,413,1961
*** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 1 mg/m3 JAN 1993
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 84396
No. of Facilities: 165 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 1
No. of Occupations: 6
No. of Employees: 11365 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - 84396
No. of Facilities: 2358 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 3
No. of Occupations: 19
No. of Employees: 35571 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 23544 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Rodent dominant lethal
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: B subtilis rec assay; E coli polA
without S9
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: E coli polA with S9; Histidine
reversion-Ames test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: TRP reversion
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; B
subtilis rec assay
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
*** END OF RECORD ***