*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION *** RTECS NUMBER : TS8750000 CHEMICAL NAME : Potassium cyanide CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 151-50-8 BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. : 4652394 REFERENCE : 4-02-00-00050 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) LAST UPDATED : 199806 DATA ITEMS CITED : 55 MOLECULAR FORMULA : C-K-N MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 65.12 WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : KA CN COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Mutagen Reproductive Effector Human SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES : * Cyanide of potassium * Cyanure de potassium * Hydrocyanic acid, potassium salt * Potassium cyanide * RCRA waste number P098 *** HEALTH HAZARD DATA *** ** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA ** TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section REFERENCE : AJEMEN American Journal of Emergency Medicine. (WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA) V.1- 1983- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,94,1983 TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Human DOSE/DURATION : 2857 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : 34ZIAG "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,191,1969 TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man DOSE/DURATION : 13699 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - coma Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - metabolic acidosis REFERENCE : JTCTDW Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.19- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,121,1987 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 5 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,275,1983 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 4 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes REFERENCE : JAPYAA Journal of Applied Physiology. (Bethesda, MD) V.1-41, 1948-76. Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,315,1972 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 7814 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : ATSUDG Archives of Toxicology, Supplement. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) No.1- 1978- Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,231,1991 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 3600 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea REFERENCE : DDREDK Drug Development Research. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,225,1985 TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 8 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : 27ZIAQ "Drug Dosages in Laboratory Animals - A Handbook," Rev. ed., Barnes, C.D., and L.G. Eltherington, Berkeley, Univ. of California Press, 1973 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,209,1973 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 8500 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 161,163,1968 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 5991 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : PCBPBS Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,95,1972 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 6500 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : NYKZAU Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. (Nippon Yakuri Gakkai, c/o Kyoto Daigaku Igakubu Yakurigaku Kyoshitsu, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan) V.40- 1944- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,1057,1958 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 2600 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation REFERENCE : JJPAAZ Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. (Japanese Pharmacological Soc., c/o Dept. of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto Univ., Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,99,1954 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog DOSE/DURATION : 6 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold REFERENCE : ATXKA8 Archiv fuer Toxikologie. (Berlin, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.15-31, 1954-74. For publisher information, see ARTODN. Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,89,1965 TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog DOSE/DURATION : 5 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : 27ZIAQ "Drug Dosages in Laboratory Animals - A Handbook," Rev. ed., Barnes, C.D., and L.G. Eltherington, Berkeley, Univ. of California Press, 1973 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,209,1973 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - cat DOSE/DURATION : 2200 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04- Volume(issue)/page/year: 35,316,1936 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit DOSE/DURATION : 5 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : 27ZIAQ "Drug Dosages in Laboratory Animals - A Handbook," Rev. ed., Barnes, C.D., and L.G. Eltherington, Berkeley, Univ. of California Press, 1973 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,209,1973 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit DOSE/DURATION : 3972 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Blood - other changes REFERENCE : TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,64,1983 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit DOSE/DURATION : 4 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes REFERENCE : JJPAAZ Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. (Japanese Pharmacological Soc., c/o Dept. of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto Univ., Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,99,1954 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit DOSE/DURATION : 3256 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : JACTDZ Journal of the American College of Toxicology. (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 1651 Third Ave., New York, NY 10128) V.1-12, 1982-1993. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 1(3),120,1982 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Ocular SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit DOSE/DURATION : 7870 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation REFERENCE : JTOTDO Journal of Toxicology, Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.1- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,119,1983 TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig DOSE/DURATION : 8 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : CRSBAW Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et de Ses Filiales. (SPPIF, B.P.22, F-41353 Vineuil, France) V.1- 1849- Volume(issue)/page/year: 96,202,1927 TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig DOSE/DURATION : 8 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : CRSBAW Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et de Ses Filiales. (SPPIF, B.P.22, F-41353 Vineuil, France) V.1- 1849- Volume(issue)/page/year: 96,202,1927 TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig DOSE/DURATION : 5 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 131,171,1928 TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraarterial SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig DOSE/DURATION : 5 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 131,171,1928 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular SPECIES OBSERVED : Bird - pigeon DOSE/DURATION : 4 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : JJPAAZ Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. (Japanese Pharmacological Soc., c/o Dept. of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto Univ., Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,99,1954 TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Amphibian - frog DOSE/DURATION : 60 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,77,1897 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA ** TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 31500 mg/kg/50W-C TOXIC EFFECTS : Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Endocrine - changes in thyroid weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain REFERENCE : JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub., 1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76- Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,579,1979 TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 14420 mg/kg/13W-C TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - food intake (animal) Behavioral - fluid intake Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain REFERENCE : TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 57,195,1991 TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 72 mg/kg/12D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes REFERENCE : TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 36(1,pt2),15,1997 TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 84 mg/kg/7D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - rigidity (including catalepsy) Biochemical - Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative) - dopamine in striatum REFERENCE : TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 126,156,1994 TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 45 gm/kg/6W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Gastrointestinal - other changes Liver - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases REFERENCE : CBPCEE Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology. (Elsevier Science, 660 White Plains Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591) V.74- 1983- Volume(issue)/page/year: 109,215,1994 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA ** TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE : 65 gm/kg SEX/DURATION : female 14 day(s) pre-mating female 1-22 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility REFERENCE : BNEOBV Biology of the Neonate. (S. Karger Pub., Inc., 79 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10003) V.15- 1970- Volume(issue)/page/year: 36,233,1979 TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE : 45 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 1-15 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) REFERENCE : TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 25(2),84A,1982 TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - domestic DOSE : 1767 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 8-20 week(s) after conception lactating female 44 day(s) post-birth TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - other neonatal measures or effects REFERENCE : RJARAV Rhodesian Journal of Agricultural Research. (Salisbury, Rhodesia) V.1-17, 1963-79. Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,109,1978 ** MUTATION DATA ** TYPE OF TEST : DNA repair TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli DOSE/DURATION : 39 ug/well REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 133,161,1984 TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Liver DOSE/DURATION : 300 umol/L REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 368,59,1996 TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte DOSE/DURATION : 1 mmol/L REFERENCE : NEOLA4 Neoplasma. (Karger-Libri, P.O. Box, CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland) V.4- 1957- Volume(issue)/page/year: 28,423,1981 TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Mammary gland DOSE/DURATION : 1 mmol/L/48H REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 67,221,1979 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-CL 5 mg(Cn)/m3 (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW FNSCA6 Forensic Science. (Lausanne, Switzerland) V.1-11, 1972-78. For pub lisher information, see FSINDR. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,67,1973 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 5 mg(CN)/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 5 mg(CN)/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 5 mg/m3;STEL 10 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO CYANIDE-air:CL 4.7 ppm(CN)/10M REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 60400 No. of Facilities: 2204 (estimated) No. of Industries: 45 No. of Occupations: 30 No. of Employees: 12274 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 60400 No. of Facilities: 4594 (estimated) No. of Industries: 57 No. of Occupations: 47 No. of Employees: 64238 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 23645 (estimated) *** STATUS IN U.S. *** EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY On EPA IRIS database EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998 NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Cyanides (aerosol and gas), 7904 *** END OF RECORD ***