*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : VH6475000
CHEMICAL NAME : Retinoic acid, all-trans-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 302-79-4
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. : 2057223
REFERENCE : 4-09-00-02387 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
LAST UPDATED : 199806
DATA ITEMS CITED : 73
MOLECULAR FORMULA : C20-H28-O2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 300.48
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : L6UTJ A1 B1U1Y1&U2U1Y1&U1VQ C1 C1
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Tumorigen
Drug
Mutagen
Reproductive Effector
Primary Irritant
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* Aberel
* Airol
* Aknoten
* Cordes vas
* Dermairol
* 3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic
acid
* Effederm
* Epi-aberel
* Eudyna
* 2,4,6,8-Nonatetraenoic acid,
3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-
* NSC-122758
* beta-RA
* Retin-A
* Retinoic acid
* beta-Retinoic acid
* trans-Retinoic acid
* all-trans-Retinoic acid
* Tretinoin
* beta-all-trans-Retinoic acid
* Vitamin A acid
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** SKIN/EYE IRRITATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 525 mg/21D (Intermittent)
REACTION SEVERITY : Mild
REFERENCE :
AVSUAR Acta Dermato-Venereologica, Supplementum. (Almqvist & Wiksell, POB
45150, S-10430 Stockholm, Sweden) No.1- 1929- Volume(issue)/page/year:
74,128,1975
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : >200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NIIRDN Drugs in Japan (Ethical Drugs). (Yakugyo Jiho Co., Ltd., Tokyo,
Japan) Volume(issue)/page/year: -,886,1995
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 96 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Spinal Cord - other degenerative changes
Behavioral - ataxia
Blood - normocytic anemia
REFERENCE :
KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda
Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3194,1973
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 53 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda
Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3194,1973
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 75 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NIIRDN Drugs in Japan (Ethical Drugs). (Yakugyo Jiho Co., Ltd., Tokyo,
Japan) Volume(issue)/page/year: -,886,1995
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : >500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NIIRDN Drugs in Japan (Ethical Drugs). (Yakugyo Jiho Co., Ltd., Tokyo,
Japan) Volume(issue)/page/year: -,886,1995
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 208 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NIIRDN Drugs in Japan (Ethical Drugs). (Yakugyo Jiho Co., Ltd., Tokyo,
Japan) Volume(issue)/page/year: -,886,1995
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 253 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - sleep
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda
Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3194,1973
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 92 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
USXXAM United States Patent Document. (U.S. Patent Office, Box 9,
Washington, DC 20231) Volume(issue)/page/year: #3878202
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 420 mg/kg/12W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - phosphatases
Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - Plasma proteins not involving
coagulation
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
47,359,1979
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 1274 mg/kg/13W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight
Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count
Musculoskeletal - other changes
REFERENCE :
TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85,
Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 30,115,1984
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 1400 mg/kg/28D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
Musculoskeletal - other changes
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
96,279,1988
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 2100 mg/kg/21D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells
Musculoskeletal - other changes
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
44,29,1978
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 1400 mg/kg/28D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Musculoskeletal - other changes
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
96,279,1988
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 2100 mg/kg/2W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Skin and Appendages - hair
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
YHHPAL Yaoxue Xuebao. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. Pharmaceutical Journal.
(China International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820, Beijing, Peop. Rep.
China) V.1- 1953- Suspended 1966-78. Volume(issue)/page/year:
17,331,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 78 mg/kg/26W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count
Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda
Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3247,1973
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 630 mg/kg/21D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count
Musculoskeletal - other changes
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
44,29,1978
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 52 mg/kg/30D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - normocytic anemia
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - transaminases
REFERENCE :
KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda
Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3201,1973
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 3276 mg/kg/52W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - hemorrhage
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
NAIZAM Nara Igaku Zasshi. Journal of the Nara Medical Association. (Nara
Igakkai, c/o Narakenritsu Ika Daigaku, Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara-ken,
Japan) V.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27,437,1976
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 660 mg/kg/22D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Endocrine - changes in spleen weight
Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified)
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - multiple enzyme effects
REFERENCE :
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
14,15,1990
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 285 mg/kg/57D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Endocrine - changes in thymus weight
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - phosphatases
Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight
REFERENCE :
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
8,517,1987
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 300 mg/kg/10D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Musculoskeletal - other changes
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
34,91,1996
** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 8400 mg/kg/30W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria
Skin and Appendages - photosensitivity (after systemic exposure)
Skin and Appendages - tumors
REFERENCE :
CALEDQ Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland). (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland
Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1975- Volume(issue)/page/year:
7,85,1979
** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 15 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 11-13 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
ANESAV Anesthesiology. (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment Dept., 2350
Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1940- Volume(issue)/page/year:
64,339,1986
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 15 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 14-16 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
ANESAV Anesthesiology. (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment Dept., 2350
Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1940- Volume(issue)/page/year:
64,339,1986
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 15 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 33,73C,1986
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 120 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 11 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,25,1981
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 15 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 33,73C,1986
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 27500 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 6-16 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
JAADDB Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. (C.V. Mosby Co.,
11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) 1979-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 36(Suppl),S60,1997
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 55 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 6-16 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
JAADDB Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. (C.V. Mosby Co.,
11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) 1979-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 36(Suppl),S60,1997
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 20 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 28,209,1983
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 40 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
REFERENCE :
SJPSEM Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand
Surgery. (Almgvist & Wiksell, POB 638, S-10128 Stockholm, Sweden) V.21-
1987- Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,3,1990
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 15 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 11-13 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., #
alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 25(2),64A,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 12 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 14-16 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 25(2),64A,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 15 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 26,11,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 15 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
ANESAV Anesthesiology. (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment Dept., 2350
Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1940- Volume(issue)/page/year:
54,505,1981
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 40 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - gastrointestinal
system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 34,37,1986
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 50 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 53,292,1996
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 100 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - other effects to embryo
REFERENCE :
TCMUD8 Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc.,
41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year:
1,181,1980
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 5 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,87,1985
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 20 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 28,123,1983
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 16 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 11 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,32A,1985
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 500 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular
(circulatory) system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,679,1989
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 20 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 11 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 25(2),57A,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 80 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 11 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 25(2),57A,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 40 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 11 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 25(2),57A,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 40 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 36,441,1987
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Primate - monkey
DOSE : 188 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 20-44 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,29,1980
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Primate - monkey
DOSE : 250 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 20-44 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,87,1980
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Primate - monkey
DOSE : 250 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 20-44 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,87,1980
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Primate - monkey
DOSE : 170 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10-24 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 45,65,1992
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE : 6500 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 7-19 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Fertility - abortion
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
JAADDB Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. (C.V. Mosby Co.,
11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) 1979-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 36(Suppl),S67,1997
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - hamster
DOSE : 40 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 7 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular
(circulatory) system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,193,1980
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - hamster
DOSE : 12500 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
JJIND8 JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC)
V.61-79, 1978-87. For publisher information, see JNCIEQ.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 72,689,1984
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - hamster
DOSE : 60 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - cytological changes (including
somatic cell genetic material)
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 28,341,1983
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - hamster
DOSE : 25 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
REFERENCE :
JJIND8 JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC)
V.61-79, 1978-87. For publisher information, see JNCIEQ.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 72,689,1984
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE : 12500 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
REFERENCE :
ENMEE9 Environmental Medicine. (Nagoya University, Research Insitute of
Environmental Medicine, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464, Japan) V.26-
1982- Volume(issue)/page/year: 36,75,1992
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Microorganism - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 1 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
45,2098,1985
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Human Leukocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 1 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
46,1388,1986
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM : Human Leukocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 1 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
46,1388,1986
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
TEST SYSTEM : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 1000 ppm
REFERENCE :
26UYA8 "Psoriasis, Proceedings of the International Symposium, Stanford, CA,
1971," Farber, E.M., and A.J. Cox, eds., Stanford, CA, Stanford Univ. Press,
1971 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,335,1971
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Human Fibroblast
DOSE/DURATION : 5 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,317,1978
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Mammary gland
DOSE/DURATION : 3 umol/L
REFERENCE :
JJIND8 JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC)
V.61-79, 1978-87. For publisher information, see JNCIEQ.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 70,949,1983
TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 4 umol/kg
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
43,5174,1983
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Embryo
DOSE/DURATION : 10 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
42,4918,1982
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 1 umol/L
REFERENCE :
ONCOBS Oncology. (S. Karger AG, Postfach CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland) V.21-
1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 44,356,1987
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Mammal - cattle Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 8 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House,
Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,409,1982
*** REVIEWS ***
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
BCSTB5 Biochemical Society Transactions. (Biochemical Soc. Book Depot, POB
32, Commerce Way, Colchester, Essex CO2 8HP, UK) V.1- 1973-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,695,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
APJUA8 Acta Pharmaceutica Jugoslavica. (FDH, Masarykova 2, 41000 Zagreb,
Yugoslavia) V.1-41, 1951-1991. Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,79,1991
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
DDREDK Drug Development Research. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New
York, NY 10003) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 30,244,1993
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/dose response: In vitro SCE-human
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
*** END OF RECORD ***