*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : VH6750000
CHEMICAL NAME : Retinol, all trans-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 68-26-8
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. : 0403040
REFERENCE : 4-06-00-04133 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
LAST UPDATED : 199706
DATA ITEMS CITED : 60
MOLECULAR FORMULA : C20-H30-O
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 286.50
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : L6UTJ A1 B1U1Y1&U2U1Y1&U2Q C1 C1
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Mutagen
Reproductive Effector
Human
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* ACON
* Afaxin
* Agiolan
* Alphalin
* Alphasterol
* Anatola
* Anatola A
* Anti-infective vitamin
* Antixerophthalmic vitamin
* Aoral
* Apexol
* Aquasynth
* Atars
* ATAV
* Avibon
* Avita
* Avitol
* Axerophthol
* Biosterol
* Chocola A
* 3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1
-ol
* Disatabs Tabs
* Dofsol
* Epiteliol
* HI-A-Vita
* Lard factor
* Myvpack
* 2,4,6,8-Nonatetraen-1-ol,
3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-, (all-E)-
* Oleovitamin A
* Ophthalamin
* Prepalin
* Retinol
* all-trans-Retinol
* Retrovitamin A
* Testavol
* Vaflol
* Vafol
* VI-Alpha
* Vitamin A
* Vitamin A1
* Vitamin A alcohol
* Vitamin A1 alcohol
* all-trans-Vitamin A alcohol
* Vitavel-A
* Vitpex
* Vogan
* Vogan-neu
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - child
DOSE/DURATION : 5475 ku/kg/1Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - pleural effusion
Gastrointestinal - other changes
Musculoskeletal - other changes
REFERENCE :
CPEDAM Clinical Pediatrics (Philadelphia). (Lippincott/Harper, Journal
Fulfillment Dept., 2350 Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1962-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,435,1982
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 2 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AVSUAR Acta Dermato-Venereologica, Supplementum. (Almqvist & Wiksell, POB
45150, S-10430 Stockholm, Sweden) No.1- 1929- Volume(issue)/page/year:
74,29,1975
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 1510 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
51ZKAN "The Retinoids, Vol.2," Sporn, M.B., et al., eds., New York, Academic
Press, Inc., 1984 Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,287,1984
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 1510 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JAADDB Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. (C.V. Mosby Co.,
11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) 1979-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,652,1982
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 73 mL/kg/16D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Musculoskeletal - other changes
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - phosphatases
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
ARPAAQ Archives of Pathology. (Chicago, IL) V.5(3)-50(3), 1928-50;
V.70-99, 1960-75. For publisher information, see APLMAS.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 87,290,1969
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 73 mL/kg/16D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Musculoskeletal - other changes
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in calcium
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - phosphatases
REFERENCE :
ARPAAQ Archives of Pathology. (Chicago, IL) V.5(3)-50(3), 1928-50;
V.70-99, 1960-75. For publisher information, see APLMAS.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 87,290,1969
** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE : 68 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-39 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
REFERENCE :
OBGNAS Obstetrics and Gynecology. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year:
43,750,1974
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE : 200 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
REFERENCE :
JGHUAY Journal de Genetique Humaine. (Editions Medecine et Hygiene, Case
229, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland) V.1- 1952- Volume(issue)/page/year:
23,135,1975
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 76560 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8-10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
gain)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
NTOTDY Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology. (Fayetteville, NY) V.3-8,
1981-86. For publisher information, see NETEEC. Volume(issue)/page/year:
3,1,1981
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 113 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
PEDIAU Pediatrics. (American Academy of Pediatrics, P.O. Box 1034,
Evanston, IL 60204) V.1- 1948- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,556,1954
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 150 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 7-10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
REFERENCE :
PEDIAU Pediatrics. (American Academy of Pediatrics, P.O. Box 1034,
Evanston, IL 60204) V.1- 1948- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,556,1954
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 683 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 4-16 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
PEDIAU Pediatrics. (American Academy of Pediatrics, P.O. Box 1034,
Evanston, IL 60204) V.1- 1948- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,556,1954
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 22 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-22 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., #
alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
gain)
REFERENCE :
AMPLAO AMA Archives of Pathology. (Chicago, IL) V.50(4)-69, 1950-60. For
publisher information, see APLMAS. Volume(issue)/page/year: 66,278,1958
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 240 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - extra-embryonic structures
(e.g., placenta, umbilical cord)
REFERENCE :
BJEPA5 British Journal of Experimental Pathology. (Blackwell Scientific
Pub. Ltd., POB 88, Oxford, UK) V.1- 1920- Volume(issue)/page/year:
57,525,1976
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 1200 ku/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 6-17 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4
per # born alive)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
ESKHA5 Eisei Shikenjo Hokoku. Bulletin of the Institute of Hygienic
Sciences. (Kokuritsu Eisei Shikenjo Kagaku, 18-1 Bushitsu Johobu,
Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158, Japan) V.1- 1886- Volume(issue)/page/year:
(100),S53,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 60060 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental
abnormalities
REFERENCE :
SEIJBO Senten Ijo. Congenital Anomalies. (Nippon Senten Ijo Gakkai, c/o
Kinki Daigaku Igakubu Kaibagaku Kyoshitsu, 380 Nishiyama, Sayama-cho,
Mirami-Kawachi-gun, Osaka-fu, Japan) V.1-26, 1960-86. For publisher
information, see CGANE7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,25,1973
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 60 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 30(1),13A,1984
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 60 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
REFERENCE :
SHKKAN Shika Kiso Igakkai Zasshi. Journal of the Japanese Association for
Basic Dentistry. (Shika Kiso Igakkai, Hanayama Bldg., 1-44-2 Komagome,
Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170, Japan) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
27,353,1985
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 30 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 11 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 33,1,1986
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 150 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
REFERENCE :
JDREAF Journal of Dental Research. (International Assoc. for Dental
Research, 734 15th St., NW, Suite 809, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1919-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 52,300,1973
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 72 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 11-13 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
gain)
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,19A,1977
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 150 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental
abnormalities
REFERENCE :
JACTDZ Journal of the American College of Toxicology. (Mary Ann Liebert,
Inc., 1651 Third Ave., New York, NY 10128) V.1-12, 1982-1993. Discontinued.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 2(4),325,1983
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 30 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 3 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - skin and skin
appendages
REFERENCE :
AOBIAR Archives of Oral Biology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House,
Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
18,729,1973
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 120 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
REFERENCE :
DKBSAS Doklady Biological Sciences (English Translation). Translation of
DANKAS: Biological Section. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY
10013) V.112- 1957- Volume(issue)/page/year: 169,476,1966
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 9610 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8-12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4
per # born alive)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
gain)
REFERENCE :
JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub.,
1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,541,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 30 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : lactating female 1 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - skin and skin
appendages
REFERENCE :
32XPAD "Teratology," Berry, C.L., and D.E. Poswillo, eds., New York,
Springer, 1975 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,83,1975
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 375 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 7-11 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
REFERENCE :
TCMUD8 Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc.,
41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year:
5,355,1985
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 45045 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 24(1),29A,1981
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 145 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured
before birth)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health. (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St.,
NW, Washington, DC 20016) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year:
10,732,1965
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 145 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
REFERENCE :
AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health. (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St.,
NW, Washington, DC 20016) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year:
10,732,1965
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 145 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health. (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St.,
NW, Washington, DC 20016) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year:
10,732,1965
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 180 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - body wall
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - gastrointestinal
system
REFERENCE :
ARINAU Annual Report of the Research Institute of Environmental Medicine,
Nagoya University. (Nagoya, Japan) V.1-25, 1951-80.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,53,1966
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 96 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 11-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
PJACAW Proceedings of the Japan Academy. (Tokyo, Japan) V.21-53, 1945-77.
For publisher information, see PJABDW. Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,83,1965
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 480 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 11-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
PJACAW Proceedings of the Japan Academy. (Tokyo, Japan) V.21-53, 1945-77.
For publisher information, see PJABDW. Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,83,1965
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 12 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
TOIZAG Toho Igakkai Zasshi. Journal of Medical Society of Toho University.
(Toho Daigaku Igakkai, 21-16, Omori-nishi, 5-chome, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143,
Japan) V.1- 1954- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,175,1961
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 480 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10-13 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
JEEMAF Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology. (Essex, UK)
V.1-98, 1953-86. For Publisher information, see DEVPED
Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,263,1964
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 120 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
SEIJBO Senten Ijo. Congenital Anomalies. (Nippon Senten Ijo Gakkai, c/o
Kinki Daigaku Igakubu Kaibagaku Kyoshitsu, 380 Nishiyama, Sayama-cho,
Mirami-Kawachi-gun, Osaka-fu, Japan) V.1-26, 1960-86. For publisher
information, see CGANE7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,165,1985
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 240 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 14-17 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - hepatobiliary system
REFERENCE :
SEIJBO Senten Ijo. Congenital Anomalies. (Nippon Senten Ijo Gakkai, c/o
Kinki Daigaku Igakubu Kaibagaku Kyoshitsu, 380 Nishiyama, Sayama-cho,
Mirami-Kawachi-gun, Osaka-fu, Japan) V.1-26, 1960-86. For publisher
information, see CGANE7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,165,1985
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE : 45 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
IYKEDH Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. (Nippon Koteisho
Kyokai, 12-15, 2-chome, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.1- 1970-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,581,1981
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE : 77 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8-18 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental
abnormalities
REFERENCE :
JIDOAA Experimental Animals. Jikken Dobutso Iho. (Nippon Jikken Dobutsu
Gakkai, c/o Keio Gijuku Daigaku Igakubu Jikken Dobutsu Senta, 35
Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160, Japan) V.1- 1952-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 35,387,1986
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE : 52550 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 9-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 24(1),12A,1981
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 17 umol/L
REFERENCE :
BBRCA9 Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. (Academic
Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 45,630,1971
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 4 mg/L
REFERENCE :
EJCODS European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology. (Pergamon Press,
c/o Elsevier Science, 660 White Plains Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591) V.17(7)-
25, 1981-89. For publisher information, see EJCAEL Volume(issue)/page/year:
21,1089,1985
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 4 mg/L
REFERENCE :
EJCODS European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology. (Pergamon Press,
c/o Elsevier Science, 660 White Plains Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591) V.17(7)-
25, 1981-89. For publisher information, see EJCAEL Volume(issue)/page/year:
21,1089,1985
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 20700 mg/kg/69W (Intermittent)
REFERENCE :
JJIND8 JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC)
V.61-79, 1978-87. For publisher information, see JNCIEQ.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 77,149,1986
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Mammary gland
DOSE/DURATION : 3 umol/L
REFERENCE :
JJIND8 JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC)
V.61-79, 1978-87. For publisher information, see JNCIEQ.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 70,949,1983
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 100 umol/L
REFERENCE :
ONCOBS Oncology. (S. Karger AG, Postfach CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland) V.21-
1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 44,356,1987
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 15600 mg/kg/1Y (Intermittent)
REFERENCE :
JJIND8 JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC)
V.61-79, 1978-87. For publisher information, see JNCIEQ.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 77,149,1986
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 10 umol/L
REFERENCE :
ONCOBS Oncology. (S. Karger AG, Postfach CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland) V.21-
1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 44,356,1987
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 8 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 246,67,1991
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 24 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 246,67,1991
*** REVIEWS ***
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CLPTAT Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (St. Louis). (C.V. Mosby Co.,
11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63146) V.1- 1960-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,480,1964
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ARVPAX Annual Review of Pharmacology. (Palo Alto, CA) V.1-15, 1961-75. For
publisher information, see ARPTDI. Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,447,1965
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing
Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,121,1976
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CRTXB2 CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology. (CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate
Blvd., NW, Boca Raton, FL 33431) V.1- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year:
6,351,1979
TOXICOLOGY REIVEW
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161)
Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
Volume(issue)/page/year: PB-275-754
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JACTDZ Journal of the American College of Toxicology. (Mary Ann Liebert,
Inc., 1651 Third Ave., New York, NY 10128) V.1-12, 1982-1993. Discontinued.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 6(3),279,1987
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - X1676
No. of Facilities: 546 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 3
No. of Occupations: 7
No. of Employees: 12809 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 9075 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
*** END OF RECORD ***