*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : VH6860000
CHEMICAL NAME : Retinol, all-trans-, palmitate
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 79-81-2
OTHER CAS REGISTRY NOS. : 37340-08-2
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. : 1917366
REFERENCE : 4-06-00-04135 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
LAST UPDATED : 199701
DATA ITEMS CITED : 38
MOLECULAR FORMULA : C36-H60-O2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 524.96
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : L6UTJ A1 B1U1Y1&U2U1Y1&U2OV15 C1 C1
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Mutagen
Reproductive Effector
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* Aquasol A
* Arovit
* Optovit-A
* Retinol palmitate
* Retinyl palmitate
* Vitamin A palmitate
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 7910 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JAADDB Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. (C.V. Mosby Co.,
11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) 1979-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,652,1982
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 6060 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JAADDB Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. (C.V. Mosby Co.,
11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) 1979-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,652,1982
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 4760 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
VOONAW Voprosy Onkologii. Problems of Oncology. For English translation,
see PONCAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-10,
1928-37; V.1- 1955- Volume(issue)/page/year: 25(12),84,1979
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 5250 ku/kg/21D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes
Musculoskeletal - other changes
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
PEDIAU Pediatrics. (American Academy of Pediatrics, P.O. Box 1034,
Evanston, IL 60204) V.1- 1948- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,589,1952
** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 13750 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 35 week(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - ovaries, fallopian tubes
Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility
REFERENCE :
JRPFA4 Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. (Biochemical Soc. Book Depot,
POB 32, Commerce Way, Colchester, Essex CO2 8HP, UK) V.1- 1960-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 50,223,1977
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 36 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : male 26 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct
REFERENCE :
AMPLAO AMA Archives of Pathology. (Chicago, IL) V.50(4)-69, 1950-60. For
publisher information, see APLMAS. Volume(issue)/page/year: 56,333,1953
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 248 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams &
Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 144,429,1964
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 16500 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8-10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,269,1974
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 206 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams &
Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 144,429,1964
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 275 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
REFERENCE :
JAINAA Journal of the Anatomical Society of India. (Dept. of Anatomy,
Medical College, Aurangabad 431 001, India) V.1- 1952-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,89,1974
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 440 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - extra-embryonic structures
(e.g., placenta, umbilical cord)
REFERENCE :
BJEPA5 British Journal of Experimental Pathology. (Blackwell Scientific
Pub. Ltd., POB 88, Oxford, UK) V.1- 1920- Volume(issue)/page/year:
57,525,1976
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 138 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 16 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - uterus, cervix, vagina
REFERENCE :
JRPFA4 Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. (Biochemical Soc. Book Depot,
POB 32, Commerce Way, Colchester, Essex CO2 8HP, UK) V.1- 1960-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 50,223,1977
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 275 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 11 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
IDZAAW Japanese Journal of Genetics. Idengaku Zasshi. (Genetics Soc. of
Japan, 111 Tanida, Mishima, Shizuoka-ken, Japan) V.1- 1921-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,141,1966
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 82500 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
ACATA5 Acta Anatomica. (S. Karger Pub., Inc., 79 Fifth Ave., New York, NY
10003) V.1- 1945- Volume(issue)/page/year: 109,89,1981
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 413 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - cytological changes (including
somatic cell genetic material)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
REFERENCE :
ANANAU Anatomischer Anzeiger. (VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Postfach 176,
Jena DDR-6900, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1- 1886- Volume(issue)/page/year:
152,329,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 1350 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 11-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
PBBHAU Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior. (ANKHO International Inc.,
P.O. Box 426, Fayetteville, NY 13066) V.1- 1973-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 38,739,1991
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 275 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 7 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
REFERENCE :
JEEMAF Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology. (Essex, UK)
V.1-98, 1953-86. For Publisher information, see DEVPED
Volume(issue)/page/year: 30,219,1973
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 275 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
REFERENCE :
JEEMAF Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology. (Essex, UK)
V.1-98, 1953-86. For Publisher information, see DEVPED
Volume(issue)/page/year: 30,219,1973
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 275 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
JEEMAF Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology. (Essex, UK)
V.1-98, 1953-86. For Publisher information, see DEVPED
Volume(issue)/page/year: 30,219,1973
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 660 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8-10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,25A,1980
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 262 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 11 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,115,1981
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 1321 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8-13 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular
(circulatory) system
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - gastrointestinal
system
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
REFERENCE :
ANREAK Anatomical Record. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY
10003) V.1- 1906/08- Volume(issue)/page/year: 136,219,1960
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 660 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - skin and skin
appendages
REFERENCE :
85HBAZ "Environmental Variables in Oral Disease; A Symposium Presented at
the Montreal Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science, 1964," Kreshover, S.J., et al., eds., Washington, DC, American
Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1966 Volume(issue)/page/year:
-,273,1966
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 220 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 35,105,1987
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 330 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
IDZAAW Japanese Journal of Genetics. Idengaku Zasshi. (Genetics Soc. of
Japan, 111 Tanida, Mishima, Shizuoka-ken, Japan) V.1- 1921-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,141,1966
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 28 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
IDZAAW Japanese Journal of Genetics. Idengaku Zasshi. (Genetics Soc. of
Japan, 111 Tanida, Mishima, Shizuoka-ken, Japan) V.1- 1921-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,141,1966
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 220 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,191,1974
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 330 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
SEIJBO Senten Ijo. Congenital Anomalies. (Nippon Senten Ijo Gakkai, c/o
Kinki Daigaku Igakubu Kaibagaku Kyoshitsu, 380 Nishiyama, Sayama-cho,
Mirami-Kawachi-gun, Osaka-fu, Japan) V.1-26, 1960-86. For publisher
information, see CGANE7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,13,1974
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE : 28 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
IDZAAW Japanese Journal of Genetics. Idengaku Zasshi. (Genetics Soc. of
Japan, 111 Tanida, Mishima, Shizuoka-ken, Japan) V.1- 1921-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,141,1966
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE : 110 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
IDZAAW Japanese Journal of Genetics. Idengaku Zasshi. (Genetics Soc. of
Japan, 111 Tanida, Mishima, Shizuoka-ken, Japan) V.1- 1921-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,141,1966
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE : 2750 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 28,37A,1983
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE : 2750 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 13 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 28,37A,1983
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Human Fibroblast
DOSE/DURATION : 27500 ug/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,317,1978
*** REVIEWS ***
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JACTDZ Journal of the American College of Toxicology. (Mary Ann Liebert,
Inc., 1651 Third Ave., New York, NY 10128) V.1-12, 1982-1993. Discontinued.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 6(3),279,1987
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 80573
No. of Facilities: 221 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 4
No. of Occupations: 10
No. of Employees: 9773 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - 80573
No. of Facilities: 893 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 8
No. of Occupations: 23
No. of Employees: 18737 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 8842 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/dose response: In vitro SCE-human
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
*** END OF RECORD ***