*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : YO8400000
CHEMICAL NAME : Turpentine
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 8006-64-2
LAST UPDATED : 199712
DATA ITEMS CITED : 50
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Tumorigen
Human
Primary Irritant
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* Gum turpentine
* Gum spirits of turpentine
* Oil of turpentine
* Oil of turpentine, rectified
* Spirit of turpentine
* Spirits of turpentine
* Terebenthine
* Turpentine
* Turpentine oil
* Turpentine oil, rectifier
* Turpentine steam distilled
* Terpentin oel
* Wood turpentine
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** SKIN/EYE IRRITATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 175 ppm
REFERENCE :
JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA)
V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,282,1943
TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 500 uL
REACTION SEVERITY : Severe
REFERENCE :
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161)
Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
Volume(issue)/page/year: OTS0545856
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - infant
DOSE/DURATION : 1748 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes
REFERENCE :
ADCHAK Archives of Disease in Childhood. (British Medical Journal, POB
560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046) V.1- 1926- Volume(issue)/page/year:
28,475,1953
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - infant
DOSE/DURATION : 874 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - antipsychotic
REFERENCE :
ADCHAK Archives of Disease in Childhood. (British Medical Journal, POB
560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046) V.1- 1926- Volume(issue)/page/year:
28,475,1953
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION : 560 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes
REFERENCE :
ADCHAK Archives of Disease in Childhood. (British Medical Journal, POB
560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046) V.1- 1926- Volume(issue)/page/year:
28,475,1953
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 175 ppm
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise
specified
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - conjunctive irritation
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
REFERENCE :
JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA)
V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,282,1943
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 6 gm/m3/3H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified
Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions
Behavioral - headache
REFERENCE :
AHYGAJ Archiv fuer Hygiene. (Munich, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-100, 1883-1928.
For publisher information, see ZHPMAT. Volume(issue)/page/year: 83,239,1914
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION : 71 uL/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - associated connective tissue
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - acute pulmonary edema
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
REFERENCE :
AJEMEN American Journal of Emergency Medicine. (WB Saunders, Philadelphia,
PA) V.1- 1983- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,543,1986
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION : 441 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
85DCAI "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M.,
Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970 Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,73,1970
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 5760 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
PHARAT Pharmazie. (VEB Verlag Volk und Gesundheit, Neue Gruenstr. 18,
Berlin DDR-1020, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1- 1946- Volume(issue)/page/year:
14,435,1959
TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 12 gm/m3/6H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
10,8,1967
TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 29 mg/m3/2H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Behavioral - ataxia
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
6,360,1964
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 1180 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Behavioral - ataxia
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
6,360,1964
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 5010 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161)
Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
Volume(issue)/page/year: OTS0545856
TYPE OF TEST : LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 16 gm/m3/1H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
85GMAT "Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single
Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects,
GKNT, 1982 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,119,1982
** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 240 gm/kg/20W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Skin and Appendages - tumors
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
19,413,1959
*** REVIEWS ***
ACGIH TLV-TWA 556 mg/m3 (100 ppm)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
BLFSBY Basic Life Sciences. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 223 Spring St., New York,
NY 10003) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,253,1983
*** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS ***
EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of
Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year:
54,7740,1989
MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 100 ppm (560 mg/m3)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
3,274,1971
OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 100 ppm (560 mg/m3)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1910.1000,1994
OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 100 ppm (560 mg/m3)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1926.55,1994
OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 100 ppm (560 mg/m3)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1915.1000,1993
OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 100 ppm (560 mg/m3)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
41,50-204.50,1994
*** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 100 ppm (560 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 100 ppm (556 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-DENMARK:TWA 100 ppm (560 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-FINLAND:TWA 100 ppm (560 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-FRANCE:TWA 100 ppm (560 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-GERMANY:TWA 100 ppm (560 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 300 mg/m3;STEL 600 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 100 ppm (560 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 100 ppm (560 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-POLAND:TWA 300 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 300 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 80 ppm (450 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm (800 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 100 ppm (560 mg/m3);STEL 200 ppm JAN 1993
OEL-TURKEY:TWA 100 ppm (560 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 100 ppm (560 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm JAN 1993
OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) :
NIOSH REL TO TURPENTINE-air:10H TWA 100 ppm
REFERENCE :
NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 74990
No. of Facilities: 12405 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 139
No. of Occupations: 92
No. of Employees: 113949 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - X5757
No. of Facilities: 7231 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 75
No. of Occupations: 62
No. of Employees: 116433 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 22205 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - 74990
No. of Facilities: 19493 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 146
No. of Occupations: 94
No. of Employees: 351747 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 144051 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0892-9158
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Turpentine, 1551
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1996: Volatile organic compound, 2549
*** END OF RECORD ***