*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***

RTECS NUMBER            : AF1225000
CHEMICAL NAME           : Acetic acid
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER     : 64-19-7
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. : 0506007
REFERENCE               : 4-02-00-00094 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
LAST UPDATED            : 199806
DATA ITEMS CITED        : 69
MOLECULAR FORMULA       : C2-H4-O2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT        : 60.06
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : QV1
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR     : Mutagen
                          Reproductive Effector
                          Human
                          Primary Irritant
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
   * Acetic acid
   * Acetic acid, glacial
   * Acide acetique
   * Acido acetico
   * Azijnzuur
   * Essigsaeure
   * Ethanoic acid
   * Ethylic acid
   * Glacial acetic acid
   * Kyselina octova
   * Methanecarboxylic acid
   * Octowy kwas
   * Vinegar acid
 
                       *** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
 
                      ** SKIN/EYE IRRITATION DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Human
DOSE/DURATION           : 50 mg/24H
REACTION SEVERITY       : Mild
REFERENCE :
   TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.  (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
   First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-    1959-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   31,481,1975
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Open irritation test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION           : 525 mg
REACTION SEVERITY       : Severe
REFERENCE :
   UCDS** Union Carbide Data Sheet.  (Union Carbide Corp., 39 Old Ridgebury
   Rd., Danbury, CT 06817)  Volume(issue)/page/year: 8/7/1963
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION           : 50 mg/24H
REACTION SEVERITY       : Mild
REFERENCE :
   TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.  (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
   First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-    1959-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   31,481,1975
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Rinsed with water
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION           : 5 mg/30S
REACTION SEVERITY       : Mild
REFERENCE :
   TXCYAC Toxicology.  (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85,
   Limerick, Ireland) V.1-    1973-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,281,1982
 
                        ** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Human
DOSE/DURATION           : 1470 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of esophagus
   Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from small intestine
   Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from large intestine
REFERENCE :
   AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal.  (AIHA, 475 Wolf
   Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311)  V.19-    1958-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   33,624,1972
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Human
DOSE/DURATION           : 816 ppm/3M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise
   specified
   Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified
   Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
REFERENCE :
   AMIHAB AMA Archives of Industrial Health.  (Chicago, IL)  V.11-21, 1955-60.
   For publisher information, see AEHLAU.  Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,28,1960
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Rectal
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Human - child
DOSE/DURATION           : 281 uL/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Gastrointestinal - alteration in gastric secretion
   Liver - liver function tests impaired
   Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure,
   acute tubular necrosis)
REFERENCE :
   JTCTDW Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology.  (Marcel Dekker, 270
   Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016)  V.19-    1982-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   82,333,1994
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION           : 308 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   85DCAI "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M.,
   Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970  Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,73,1970
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 3310 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   DMDJAP Delaware State Medical Journal.  (Wilmington, DE)  V.1-32(1),
   1929-60.  For publisher information, see DSMJAA.  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   31,276,1959
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 16000 ppm/4H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   AIHQA5 American Industrial Hygiene Association Quarterly.  (Baltimore, MD)
   V.7-18, 1946-57.  For publisher information, see AIHAAP.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 17,129,1956
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 5620 ppm/1H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - conjunctive irritation
   Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified
   Blood - other changes
REFERENCE :
   MELAAD Medicina del Lavoro.  Industrial Medicine.  (Via S. Barnaba, 8, 20122
   Milan, Italy) V.16-    1925-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 48,559,1957
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 525 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
REFERENCE :
   APTOA6 Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica.  (Copenhagen, Denmark)  V.1-59,
   1945-86.  For publisher information, see PHTOEH  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   18,141,1961
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION           : 600 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   CRSBAW Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et de Ses
   Filiales.  (SPPIF, B.P.22, F-41353 Vineuil, France)  V.1-    1849-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 83,136,1920
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION           : 1060 uL/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   UCDS** Union Carbide Data Sheet.  (Union Carbide Corp., 39 Old Ridgebury
   Rd., Danbury, CT 06817)  Volume(issue)/page/year: 8/7/1963
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION           : 600 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   CRSBAW Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et de Ses
   Filiales.  (SPPIF, B.P.22, F-41353 Vineuil, France)  V.1-    1849-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 83,136,1920
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Rectal
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION           : 600 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   CRSBAW Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et de Ses
   Filiales.  (SPPIF, B.P.22, F-41353 Vineuil, France)  V.1-    1849-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 83,136,1920
 
                 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 22680 mg/kg/9W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Behavioral - food intake (animal)
   Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
   JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.  (Williams &
   Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202)  V.1-    1909/10-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,463,1921
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 5070 ug/m3/24H/95D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition
   Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count
   Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
   levels - true cholinesterase
REFERENCE :
   GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya.  For English translation, see HYSAAV.  (V/O
   Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)  V.1-    1936-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 34(4),103,1969
 
                          ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 700 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : lactating female 18 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
   NTOTDY Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology.  (Fayetteville, NY) V.3-8,
   1981-86.  For publisher information, see NETEEC. Volume(issue)/page/year:
   4,105,1982
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intratesticular
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 400 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : male 1 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Fertility - male fertility index (e.g. # males impregnating
   females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)
REFERENCE :
   FESTAS Fertility and Sterility.  (American Fertility Soc., 608 13th Ave. S,
   Birmingham, AL 35282) V.1-    1950-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,884,1973
 
                            ** MUTATION DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION           : 300 ppm/3H
REFERENCE :
   AMNTA4 American Naturalist.  (Univ. of Chicago Press, Journals Div., POB
   37005, Chicago, IL 60637) V.1-    1867-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   85,119,1951
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
TEST SYSTEM             : Insect - Drosophila melanogaster
DOSE/DURATION           : 1000 ppm/24H
REFERENCE :
   THAGA6 Theoretical & Applied Genetics.  (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.,
   Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094)  V.38-    1968-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,330,1969
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Insect - Drosophila melanogaster
DOSE/DURATION           : 1000 ppm
REFERENCE :
   THAGA6 Theoretical & Applied Genetics.  (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.,
   Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094)  V.38-    1968-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,330,1969
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Cytogenetic analysis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Parenteral
TEST SYSTEM             : Insect - grasshopper
DOSE/DURATION           : 40 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
   NULSAK Nucleus (Calcutta).  (Dr. A.K. Sharma, Centre of Advanced Studies in
   Cell and Chromosome Research, Calcutta, 35 Baliygunge Circular Rd., Calcutta
   700 019, India)  V.1-    1958-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,119,1966
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM             : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION           : 5 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 279,75,1992
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Administration onto the skin
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 79279 ug/kg
REFERENCE :
   JNCIAM Journal of the National Cancer Institute.  (Washington, DC)  V.1-60,
   1940-78.  For publisher information, see JJIND8.  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   55,983,1975
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Administration onto the skin
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 1201 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   JNCIAM Journal of the National Cancer Institute.  (Washington, DC)  V.1-60,
   1940-78.  For publisher information, see JJIND8.  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   55,983,1975
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION           : 10 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 240,195,1990

                              *** REVIEWS ***
 
   ACGIH TLV-STEL 37 mg/m3 (15 ppm)
   DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
   (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
   Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   TLV/BEI,1997

   ACGIH TLV-TWA 25 mg/m3 (10 ppm)
   DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
   (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
   Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   TLV/BEI,1997

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   AMIHAB AMA Archives of Industrial Health.  (Chicago, IL)  V.11-21, 1955-60.
   For publisher information, see AEHLAU.  Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,28,1960

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   ARTODN Archives of Toxicology.  (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000
   Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.)  V.32-    1974-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   39,299,1978

                    *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS ***
 
   EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION
   FEREAC Federal Register.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of
   Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1-    1936-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   54,7740,1989

   MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3)
   DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
   (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
   Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996  Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,2,1971

   OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3)
   CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
   of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   29,1910.1000,1994

   OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3)
   CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
   of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   29,1926.55,1994

   OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3)
   CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
   of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   29,1915.1000,1993

   OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3)
   CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
   of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   41,50-204.50,1994

                    *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
 
   OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3);STEL 15 ppm (37 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3);STEL 15 ppm (37 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-DENMARK:TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-FINLAND:TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3);STEL 15 ppm (37 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
   
   OEL-FRANCE:STEL 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-GERMANY:TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 10 mg/m3;STEL 20 mg/m3 JAN 1993
   
   OEL-INDIA:TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3);STEL 15 ppm (37 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-JAPAN:TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-POLAND:TWA 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993
   
   OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 10 ppm;STEL 5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
   
   OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3);STEL 15 ppm (35 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3);STEL 20 ppm (50 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-THAILAND:TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-TURKEY:TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3);STEL 15 ppm (35 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
   
   OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV

         *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***

NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) :
   NIOSH REL TO ACETIC ACID-air:10H TWA 10 ppm;STEL 15 ppm
REFERENCE :
   NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of
   Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992

NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
   NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
     NOHS Hazard Code - 01568
       No. of Facilities: 51469 (estimated)
       No. of Industries: 264
       No. of Occupations: 150
       No. of Employees: 486503 (estimated)
   
   NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
     NOES Hazard Code - 01568
       No. of Facilities: 49403 (estimated)
       No. of Industries: 266
       No. of Occupations: 169
       No. of Employees: 907205 (estimated)
       No. of Female Employees: 322123 (estimated)

                          *** STATUS IN U.S. ***
 
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Histidine reversion-Ames test
   
   EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
   
   EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
   
   EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0892-9237;8EHQ-0892-9238
   
   EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
   
   NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Acetic acid, 1603
   
   OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID-118

 
                            *** END OF RECORD ***