*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***

RTECS NUMBER            : DC9625000
CHEMICAL NAME           : Benzidine
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER     : 92-87-5
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. : 0742770
REFERENCE               : 4-13-00-00364 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
LAST UPDATED            : 199806
DATA ITEMS CITED        : 121
MOLECULAR FORMULA       : C12-H12-N2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT        : 184.26
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : ZR DR DZ
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR     : Tumorigen
                          Mutagen
                          Human
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
   * Benzidin
   * Benzidina
   * Benzidine
   * Benzydyna
   * p,p-Bianiline
   * 4,4'-Bianiline
   * (1,1'-Biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine
   * 4,4'-Biphenyldiamine
   * Biphenyl, 4,4'-diamino-
   * 4,4'-Biphenylenediamine
   * C.I. 37225
   * C.I. Azoic Diazo Component 112
   * p,p'-Diaminobiphenyl
   * 4,4'-Diaminobiphenyl
   * 4,4'-Diamino-1,1'-biphenyl
   * p-Diaminodiphenyl
   * 4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl
   * p,p'-Dianiline
   * 4,4'-Diphenylenediamine
   * Fast Corinth Base B
   * NCI-C03361
   * RCRA waste number U021
 
                       *** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
 
                        ** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 309 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   NTIS** National Technical Information Service.  (Springfield, VA 22161)
   Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: PB214-270
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 214 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   NTIS** National Technical Information Service.  (Springfield, VA 22161)
   Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: PB214-270
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 110 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
   Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017)  V.1-    1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   1,682,1981
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION           : 200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   AEXPBL Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie.  (Leipzig,
   Ger. Dem. Rep.)  V.1-109, 1873-1925.  For publisher information, see NSAPCC.
    Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,167,1907
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION           : 200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   AEXPBL Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie.  (Leipzig,
   Ger. Dem. Rep.)  V.1-109, 1873-1925.  For publisher information, see NSAPCC.
    Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,167,1907
 
                          ** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION           : 17600 ug/m3/14Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
   Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - hematuria
   Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - tumors
REFERENCE :
   AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health.  (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St.,
   NW, Washington, DC 20016)  V.1-    1960-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 27,1,1973
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 108 mg/kg/27D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
   Skin and Appendages - tumors
REFERENCE :
   CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
   Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106)  V.1-    1941-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   28,924,1968
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 10 mg/m3/56W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
   Liver - tumors
   Blood - leukemia
REFERENCE :
   BEXBAN Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine (English Translation).
   Translation of BEBMAE. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY
   10013)  V.41-    1956-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 69,68,1970
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 1200 mg/kg/26W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
   Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
REFERENCE :
   VOONAW Voprosy Onkologii.  Problems of Oncology.  For English translation,
   see PONCAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)  V.1-10,
   1928-37; V.1-    1955-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 10(5),50,1964
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intratracheal
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 315 mg/kg/34W
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
   Liver - tumors
   Skin and Appendages - tumors
REFERENCE :
   BEXBAN Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine (English Translation).
   Translation of BEBMAE. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY
   10013)  V.41-    1956-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 69,68,1970
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 8400 mg/kg/35W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
   Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
   Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
   VOONAW Voprosy Onkologii.  Problems of Oncology.  For English translation,
   see PONCAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)  V.1-10,
   1928-37; V.1-    1955-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 17(5),61,1971
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - hamster
DOSE/DURATION           : 75 mg/kg/3Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
   Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
   85DAAC "Bladder Cancer, A Symposium, Fifth Inter-American Conference on
   Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Coral Gables, FL," Lampe, K.F., et
   al., eds., Coral Gables, FL, Aesculapius Pub., 1966 Volume(issue)/page/year:
   5,129,1966
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 1620 gm/kg/45W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
   Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
   AICCA6 Acta Unio Internationalis Contra Cancrum.  (Louvain, Belgium) V.1-20,
   1936-64.  For publisher information, see IJCNAW. Volume(issue)/page/year:
   7,46,1950
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 850 mg/kg/32W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
   Liver - tumors
   Skin and Appendages - tumors
REFERENCE :
   VOONAW Voprosy Onkologii.  Problems of Oncology.  For English translation,
   see PONCAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)  V.1-10,
   1928-37; V.1-    1955-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 20(2),53,1974
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 800 mg/kg/60W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
   Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - effect, not otherwise specified
   Blood - tumors
REFERENCE :
   VOONAW Voprosy Onkologii.  Problems of Oncology.  For English translation,
   see PONCAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)  V.1-10,
   1928-37; V.1-    1955-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 20(8),69,1974
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 2025 mg/kg/27W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
   Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - effect, not otherwise specified
   Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
   CANCAR Cancer (Philadelphia).  (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment
   Dept., 2350 Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740)  V.1-    1948-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,789,1950
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 25560 ng/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
   Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
   EKSODD Eksperimental'naya Onkologiya.  Experimental Oncology.  (V/O
   Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Mosow, USSR)  V.1-    1979-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 9(4),73,1987
 
                            ** MUTATION DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION           : 400 ng/plate
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 175,11,1986
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION           : 567 mg/L
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 192,239,1987
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 ug/plate
REFERENCE :
   PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
   Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017)  V.1-    1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   1,387,1981
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA repair
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION           : 1 mg/plate
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,101,1978
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Phage inhibition capacity
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
   MDMIAZ Medycyna Doswiadczalna i Mikrobiologia.  For English translation, see
   EXMMAV.  (Ars Polona, POB 1001, 00-068 Warsaw 1, Poland)  V.1-    1949-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,11,1979
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Bacillus subtilis
DOSE/DURATION           : 2 mg/disc
REFERENCE :
   PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
   Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017)  V.1-    1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   1,175,1981
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Specific locus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Insect - Drosophila melanogaster
DOSE/DURATION           : 5 mmol/L/48H
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 222,359,1989
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Parenteral
TEST SYSTEM             : Insect - Drosophila melanogaster
DOSE/DURATION           : 5 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 56,31,1977
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA repair
TEST SYSTEM             : Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 mg/L
REFERENCE :
   PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
   Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017)  V.1-    1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   1,502,1981
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Gene conversion and mitotic recombination
TEST SYSTEM             : Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 mg/L
REFERENCE :
   PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
   Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017)  V.1-    1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   1,491,1981
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TEST SYSTEM             : Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
DOSE/DURATION           : 50 mg/L
REFERENCE :
   PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
   Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017)  V.1-    1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   1,468,1981
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Micronucleus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM             : Fish - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION           : 10 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   CYTBAI Cytobios. (Faculty Press, 88 Regent St., Cambridge, UK)  V.1- 1969- 
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 47,147,1986
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Cytogenetic analysis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM             : Fish - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION           : 10 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   CBPCEE Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, C: Pharmacology, Toxicology
   and Endocrinology. (Elsevier Science, 660 White Plains Rd., Tarrytown, NY
   10591)  V.74-    1983-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 82,489,1985
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM             : Human Fibroblast
DOSE/DURATION           : 3 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
   ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis.  (New York, NY)  V.1-9, 1979-87.  For
   publisher information, see EMMUEG.  Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,267,1985
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA adduct
TEST SYSTEM             : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION           : 30 umol/L
REFERENCE :
   PNASA6 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
   of America.  (National Academy of Sciences, Printing & Pub. Office, 2101
   Constitution Ave., Washington, DC 20418) V.1-    1915-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 85,3513,1988
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM             : Human Liver
DOSE/DURATION           : 10 mg/L
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 206,91,1988
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM             : Human HeLa cell
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 umol/L
REFERENCE :
   CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
   Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106)  V.1-    1941-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   38,2621,1978
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM             : Human Fibroblast
DOSE/DURATION           : 160 ug/L
REFERENCE :
   PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
   Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017)  V.1-    1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   1,528,1981
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM             : Human HeLa cell
DOSE/DURATION           : 600 umol/L/30M (Continuous)
REFERENCE :
   JEPTDQ Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology.  (Park Forest
   South, IL)  V.1-5(3), 1977-81(?).  For publisher information, see JEPOEC.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 2(1),65,1978
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Sister chromatid exchange
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
TEST SYSTEM             : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION           : 7 ug/m3/27W
REFERENCE :
   POLEAQ Polski Tygodnik Lekarski.  Polish Medical Weekly.  (Ars Polona, POB
   1001, 00 068 Warsaw 1, Poland)  V.1-    1946-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   35,53,1980
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM             : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION           : 2 mg/L
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 241,109,1990
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Micronucleus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Subcutaneous
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 410 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,43,1976
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Micronucleus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 25 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   TXCYAC Toxicology.  (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85,
   Limerick, Ireland) V.1-    1973-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 57,217,1989
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat Liver
DOSE/DURATION           : 3 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
   SinJF# Personal Communication from J.F. Sina, Merck Institute for
   Therapeutic Research, West Point, PA 19486, Oct. 26, 1982
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 26OCT1982
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA damage
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 63 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House,
   Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK)  V.1-    1980-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,1285,1985
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA adduct
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Parenteral
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 11600 ug/kg
REFERENCE :
   CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
   Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106)  V.1-    1941-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   42,2678,1982
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA damage
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 200 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis.  (New York, NY)  V.1-9, 1979-87.  For
   publisher information, see EMMUEG.  Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,667,1982
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 200 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis.  (New York, NY)  V.1-9, 1979-87.  For
   publisher information, see EMMUEG.  Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,553,1982
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat Liver
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 nmol/L
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 136,255,1984
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA inhibition
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 umol/kg
REFERENCE :
   CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House,
   Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK)  V.1-    1980-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,1433,1987
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Body fluid assay
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION           : 250 umol/kg
REFERENCE :
   TXCYAC Toxicology.  (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85,
   Limerick, Ireland) V.1-    1973-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,223,1981
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat Liver
DOSE/DURATION           : 12500 ug/L
REFERENCE :
   PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
   Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017)  V.1-    1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   1,570,1981
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Cytogenetic analysis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 250 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 182,309,1987
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Host-mediated assay
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION           : 1 mmol/kg
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 93,317,1982
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Micronucleus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 6400 ug/kg
REFERENCE :
   PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
   Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017)  V.1-    1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   1,686,1981
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Micronucleus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 300 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   MUTAEX Mutagenesis. (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road,
   Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1986-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,267,1987
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Morphological transformation
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse Embryo
DOSE/DURATION           : 2500 ug/L
REFERENCE :
   TCMUD8 Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis.  (Alan R. Liss, Inc.,
   41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003)  V.1-    1980- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   3,101,1983
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA damage
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 150 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   BSIBAC Bolletino della Societe Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale.  (Casa
   Editrice Idelson, Via A. de Gasperi, 55, 80133 Naples, Italy)  V.2- 1927- 
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 56,1673,1980
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA adduct
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 9600 ug/kg
REFERENCE :
   CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
   Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106)  V.1-    1941-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   42,2678,1982
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA adduct
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse Liver
DOSE/DURATION           : 60 umol/L
REFERENCE :
   JJIND8 JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.  (Washington, DC)
   V.61-79, 1978-87. For publisher information, see JNCIEQ.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 62,947,1979
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA inhibition
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 20 gm/kg
REFERENCE :
   ARGEAR Archiv fuer Geschwulstforschung.  (VEB Verlag Volk und Gesundheit
   Neue Gruenstr. 18, Berlin DDR-1020, Ger. Dem. Rep.)  V.1-    1949-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 51,605,1981
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA inhibition
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 200 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 46,305,1977
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 25 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 268,255,1992
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 319,19,1993
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Cytogenetic analysis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 25 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 320,69,1994
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 mg/L
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 320,69,1994
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Sister chromatid exchange
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 7700 ug/kg
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 108,225,1983
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation in mammalian somatic cells
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION           : 500 ug/L
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 125,291,1984
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Host-mediated assay
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION           : 220 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 272,161,1992
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Specific locus test
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION           : 600 mg/L
REFERENCE :
   PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
   Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017)  V.1-    1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   1,594,1981
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Morphological transformation
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - hamster Embryo
DOSE/DURATION           : 50 ug/L
REFERENCE :
   CALEDQ Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland).  (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland
   Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland)  V.1-    1975- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   3,45,1977
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Morphological transformation
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - hamster Kidney
DOSE/DURATION           : 80 ug/L
REFERENCE :
   BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer.  (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills,
   Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK)  V.1-    1947-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   37,873,1978
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - hamster Lung
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 umol/L/2H
REFERENCE :
   BBRCA9 Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.  (Academic
   Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802)  V.1-    1959-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 72,732,1976
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - hamster Liver
DOSE/DURATION           : 20 nmol/L
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 136,255,1984
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION           : 160 mg/L
REFERENCE :
   EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis.  (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E.
   11th St., New York, NY 10003)  V.10-    1987-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   10(Suppl 10),1,1987
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION           : 5 mg/L
REFERENCE :
   EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis.  (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E.
   11th St., New York, NY 10003)  V.10-    1987-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   10(Suppl 10),1,1987
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA adduct
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION           : 60 umol/kg
REFERENCE :
   EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives.  (U.S. Government Printing
   Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  No.1-    1972-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 49,125,1983
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM             : Mammal - dog Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 umol/L
REFERENCE :
   CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
   Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106)  V.1-    1941-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   44,1893,1984
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA adduct
TEST SYSTEM             : Mammal - dog Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 umol/L
REFERENCE :
   CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
   Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106)  V.1-    1941-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   44,1893,1984
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rabbit Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 umol/L
REFERENCE :
   CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House,
   Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK)  V.1-    1980-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,401,1987
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rabbit Liver
DOSE/DURATION           : 1 umol/L
REFERENCE :
   CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
   Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106)  V.1-    1941-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   43,3120,1983

                              *** REVIEWS ***
 
   ACGIH TLV-Confirmed human carcinogen (skin)
   DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
   (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
   Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   TLV/BEI,1997

   IARC Cancer Review:Human Limited Evidence
   IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
   to Man.  (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
   V.1-    1972-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,80,1972

   IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence
   IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
   to Man.  (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
   V.1-    1972-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,80,1972

   IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence
   IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
   to Man.  (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
   V.1-    1972-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,149,1982

   IARC Cancer Review:Human Sufficient Evidence
   IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
   to Man.  (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
   V.1-    1972-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,149,1982

   IARC Cancer Review:Group 1
   IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement.  (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49
   Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)  No.1-    1979-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   7,123,1987

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   EAHB** Environmental and Health Criteria for Benzidine.  Meeting of DHEW
   Committee to Coordinate Toxicology and Related Programs, Feb. 15, 1974 at
   Sterling Forest, NY  Volume(issue)/page/year: -,38,1974

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   KHZHAZ Khimiya i Zhizn.  Chemistry and Life.  (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga,
   113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-    1965-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 12(2),85,1976

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   ADCSAJ Advances in Chemistry Series.  (American Chemical Soc., Distribution
   Office Dept. 223, POB 57136, West End Stn., Washington, DC 20037)  No.1-
   1950-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,271,1970

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   BLFSBY Basic Life Sciences.  (Plenum Pub. Corp., 223 Spring St., New York,
   NY 10003)  V.1-    1973-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,253,1983

                    *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS ***
 
   MSHA STANDARD:skin-HUMAN CARCINOGEN, NO ASSIGNED TWA
   DTLWS* "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in
   Workroom Air," Supplements. For publisher information, see 85INA8.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,11,1973

   OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):see CFR 29,1910.1010
   CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
   of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   29,1910.1000,1994

   OSHA PEL (Construc):see CFR 29,1926.1110
   CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
   of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   29,1926,55,1994

   OSHA PEL (Shipyard):see CFR 29,1915.1010
   CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
   of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   29,1915.1000,1993

   OSHA-cancer suspect agent
   CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
   of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   29,1910.1010,1987

                    *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
 
   OEL-AUSTRALIA;(Prohibited) Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993
   
   OEL-FINLAND;Carcinogen JAN 1993
   
   OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.001 ppm (0.008 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993
   
   OEL-GERMANY;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993
   
   OEL-THE NETHERLANDS;Skin JAN 1993
   
   OEL-SWEDEN;Carcinogen JAN 1993
   
   OEL-SWITZERLAND;Carcinogen JAN 1993
   
   OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
   
   OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV

         *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***

NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) :
   NIOSH REL TO BENZIDINE-air:CA use 29 CFR 1910.1010
REFERENCE :
   NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of
   Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992

NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
   NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
     NOHS Hazard Code - 09830
       No. of Facilities: 263 (estimated)
       No. of Industries: 4
       No. of Occupations: 5
       No. of Employees: 1166 (estimated)
   
   NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
     NOES Hazard Code - 09830
       No. of Facilities: 252 (estimated)
       No. of Industries: 3
       No. of Occupations: 8
       No. of Employees: 1554 (estimated)
       No. of Female Employees: 426 (estimated)

                          *** STATUS IN U.S. ***
 
   ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE
   NTIS** National Technical Information Service.  (Springfield, VA 22161)
   Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: PB/90/168204/AS

   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; SHE-clonal
   assay
   
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-mouse embryo
   
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat embryo
   
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Mammalian micronucleus; Histidine
   reversion-Ames test
   
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: In vitro UDS in rat liver
   
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse
   
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: E coli polA without S9; In vitro
   UDS-human fibroblast
   
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: CHO gene mutation
   
   EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
   
   EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
   
   On EPA IRIS database
   
   EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
   
   NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Benzidine, 5509; in urine, 8306
   
   NTP 7th Annual Report on Carcinogens, 1992 : known to be carcinogenic
   
   OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID-65

 
                            *** END OF RECORD ***