*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION *** RTECS NUMBER : DC9625000 CHEMICAL NAME : Benzidine CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 92-87-5 BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. : 0742770 REFERENCE : 4-13-00-00364 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) LAST UPDATED : 199806 DATA ITEMS CITED : 121 MOLECULAR FORMULA : C12-H12-N2 MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 184.26 WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : ZR DR DZ COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Tumorigen Mutagen Human SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES : * Benzidin * Benzidina * Benzidine * Benzydyna * p,p-Bianiline * 4,4'-Bianiline * (1,1'-Biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine * 4,4'-Biphenyldiamine * Biphenyl, 4,4'-diamino- * 4,4'-Biphenylenediamine * C.I. 37225 * C.I. Azoic Diazo Component 112 * p,p'-Diaminobiphenyl * 4,4'-Diaminobiphenyl * 4,4'-Diamino-1,1'-biphenyl * p-Diaminodiphenyl * 4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl * p,p'-Dianiline * 4,4'-Diphenylenediamine * Fast Corinth Base B * NCI-C03361 * RCRA waste number U021 *** HEALTH HAZARD DATA *** ** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA ** TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 309 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: PB214-270 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 214 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: PB214-270 TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 110 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,682,1981 TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog DOSE/DURATION : 200 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : AEXPBL Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1-109, 1873-1925. For publisher information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,167,1907 TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit DOSE/DURATION : 200 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : AEXPBL Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1-109, 1873-1925. For publisher information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,167,1907 ** TUMORIGENIC DATA ** TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man DOSE/DURATION : 17600 ug/m3/14Y-C TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - hematuria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - tumors REFERENCE : AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health. (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St., NW, Washington, DC 20016) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27,1,1973 TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 108 mg/kg/27D-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - tumors REFERENCE : CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year: 28,924,1968 TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg/m3/56W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Blood - leukemia REFERENCE : BEXBAN Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine (English Translation). Translation of BEBMAE. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) V.41- 1956- Volume(issue)/page/year: 69,68,1970 TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 1200 mg/kg/26W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application REFERENCE : VOONAW Voprosy Onkologii. Problems of Oncology. For English translation, see PONCAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-10, 1928-37; V.1- 1955- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10(5),50,1964 TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intratracheal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 315 mg/kg/34W TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Skin and Appendages - tumors REFERENCE : BEXBAN Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine (English Translation). Translation of BEBMAE. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) V.41- 1956- Volume(issue)/page/year: 69,68,1970 TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 8400 mg/kg/35W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Liver - tumors REFERENCE : VOONAW Voprosy Onkologii. Problems of Oncology. For English translation, see PONCAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-10, 1928-37; V.1- 1955- Volume(issue)/page/year: 17(5),61,1971 TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - hamster DOSE/DURATION : 75 mg/kg/3Y-C TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors REFERENCE : 85DAAC "Bladder Cancer, A Symposium, Fifth Inter-American Conference on Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Coral Gables, FL," Lampe, K.F., et al., eds., Coral Gables, FL, Aesculapius Pub., 1966 Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,129,1966 TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest) ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 1620 gm/kg/45W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors REFERENCE : AICCA6 Acta Unio Internationalis Contra Cancrum. (Louvain, Belgium) V.1-20, 1936-64. For publisher information, see IJCNAW. Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,46,1950 TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest) ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 850 mg/kg/32W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Skin and Appendages - tumors REFERENCE : VOONAW Voprosy Onkologii. Problems of Oncology. For English translation, see PONCAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-10, 1928-37; V.1- 1955- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20(2),53,1974 TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest) ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 800 mg/kg/60W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - effect, not otherwise specified Blood - tumors REFERENCE : VOONAW Voprosy Onkologii. Problems of Oncology. For English translation, see PONCAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-10, 1928-37; V.1- 1955- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20(8),69,1974 TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest) ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 2025 mg/kg/27W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - effect, not otherwise specified Liver - tumors REFERENCE : CANCAR Cancer (Philadelphia). (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment Dept., 2350 Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1948- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,789,1950 TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest) ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 25560 ng/kg/2Y-C TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors REFERENCE : EKSODD Eksperimental'naya Onkologiya. Experimental Oncology. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Mosow, USSR) V.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9(4),73,1987 ** MUTATION DATA ** TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium DOSE/DURATION : 400 ng/plate REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 175,11,1986 TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium DOSE/DURATION : 567 mg/L REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 192,239,1987 TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli DOSE/DURATION : 100 ug/plate REFERENCE : PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,387,1981 TYPE OF TEST : DNA repair TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli DOSE/DURATION : 1 mg/plate REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,101,1978 TYPE OF TEST : Phage inhibition capacity TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli DOSE/DURATION : 100 mmol/L REFERENCE : MDMIAZ Medycyna Doswiadczalna i Mikrobiologia. For English translation, see EXMMAV. (Ars Polona, POB 1001, 00-068 Warsaw 1, Poland) V.1- 1949- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,11,1979 TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Bacillus subtilis DOSE/DURATION : 2 mg/disc REFERENCE : PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,175,1981 TYPE OF TEST : Specific locus test ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral TEST SYSTEM : Insect - Drosophila melanogaster DOSE/DURATION : 5 mmol/L/48H REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 222,359,1989 TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral TEST SYSTEM : Insect - Drosophila melanogaster DOSE/DURATION : 5 mmol/L REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 56,31,1977 TYPE OF TEST : DNA repair TEST SYSTEM : Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/L REFERENCE : PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,502,1981 TYPE OF TEST : Gene conversion and mitotic recombination TEST SYSTEM : Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/L REFERENCE : PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,491,1981 TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction TEST SYSTEM : Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae DOSE/DURATION : 50 mg/L REFERENCE : PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,468,1981 TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal TEST SYSTEM : Fish - not otherwise specified DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg/kg REFERENCE : CYTBAI Cytobios. (Faculty Press, 88 Regent St., Cambridge, UK) V.1- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 47,147,1986 TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal TEST SYSTEM : Fish - not otherwise specified DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg/kg REFERENCE : CBPCEE Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology. (Elsevier Science, 660 White Plains Rd., Tarrytown, NY 10591) V.74- 1983- Volume(issue)/page/year: 82,489,1985 TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage TEST SYSTEM : Human Fibroblast DOSE/DURATION : 3 mmol/L REFERENCE : ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,267,1985 TYPE OF TEST : DNA adduct TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte DOSE/DURATION : 30 umol/L REFERENCE : PNASA6 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. (National Academy of Sciences, Printing & Pub. Office, 2101 Constitution Ave., Washington, DC 20418) V.1- 1915- Volume(issue)/page/year: 85,3513,1988 TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis TEST SYSTEM : Human Liver DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg/L REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 206,91,1988 TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis TEST SYSTEM : Human HeLa cell DOSE/DURATION : 100 umol/L REFERENCE : CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year: 38,2621,1978 TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis TEST SYSTEM : Human Fibroblast DOSE/DURATION : 160 ug/L REFERENCE : PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,528,1981 TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition TEST SYSTEM : Human HeLa cell DOSE/DURATION : 600 umol/L/30M (Continuous) REFERENCE : JEPTDQ Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology. (Park Forest South, IL) V.1-5(3), 1977-81(?). For publisher information, see JEPOEC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2(1),65,1978 TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation TEST SYSTEM : Human - man DOSE/DURATION : 7 ug/m3/27W REFERENCE : POLEAQ Polski Tygodnik Lekarski. Polish Medical Weekly. (Ars Polona, POB 1001, 00 068 Warsaw 1, Poland) V.1- 1946- Volume(issue)/page/year: 35,53,1980 TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte DOSE/DURATION : 2 mg/L REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 241,109,1990 TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 410 mg/kg REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,43,1976 TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 25 mg/kg REFERENCE : TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 57,217,1989 TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Liver DOSE/DURATION : 3 mmol/L REFERENCE : SinJF# Personal Communication from J.F. Sina, Merck Institute for Therapeutic Research, West Point, PA 19486, Oct. 26, 1982 Volume(issue)/page/year: 26OCT1982 TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 63 mg/kg REFERENCE : CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,1285,1985 TYPE OF TEST : DNA adduct ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 11600 ug/kg REFERENCE : CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year: 42,2678,1982 TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 200 mg/kg REFERENCE : ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,667,1982 TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 200 mg/kg REFERENCE : ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,553,1982 TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Liver DOSE/DURATION : 100 nmol/L REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 136,255,1984 TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 100 umol/kg REFERENCE : CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,1433,1987 TYPE OF TEST : Body fluid assay TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium DOSE/DURATION : 250 umol/kg REFERENCE : TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,223,1981 TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Liver DOSE/DURATION : 12500 ug/L REFERENCE : PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,570,1981 TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 250 mg/kg REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 182,309,1987 TYPE OF TEST : Host-mediated assay TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium DOSE/DURATION : 1 mmol/kg REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 93,317,1982 TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 6400 ug/kg REFERENCE : PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,686,1981 TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 300 mg/kg REFERENCE : MUTAEX Mutagenesis. (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1986- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,267,1987 TYPE OF TEST : Morphological transformation TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Embryo DOSE/DURATION : 2500 ug/L REFERENCE : TCMUD8 Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,101,1983 TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 150 mg/kg REFERENCE : BSIBAC Bolletino della Societe Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale. (Casa Editrice Idelson, Via A. de Gasperi, 55, 80133 Naples, Italy) V.2- 1927- Volume(issue)/page/year: 56,1673,1980 TYPE OF TEST : DNA adduct ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 9600 ug/kg REFERENCE : CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year: 42,2678,1982 TYPE OF TEST : DNA adduct TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Liver DOSE/DURATION : 60 umol/L REFERENCE : JJIND8 JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.61-79, 1978-87. For publisher information, see JNCIEQ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 62,947,1979 TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 20 gm/kg REFERENCE : ARGEAR Archiv fuer Geschwulstforschung. (VEB Verlag Volk und Gesundheit Neue Gruenstr. 18, Berlin DDR-1020, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1- 1949- Volume(issue)/page/year: 51,605,1981 TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 200 mg/kg REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 46,305,1977 TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 25 mg/kg REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 268,255,1992 TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/kg REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 319,19,1993 TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 25 mg/kg REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 320,69,1994 TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/L REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 320,69,1994 TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 7700 ug/kg REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 108,225,1983 TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in mammalian somatic cells TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte DOSE/DURATION : 500 ug/L REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 125,291,1984 TYPE OF TEST : Host-mediated assay TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Bacteria - Escherichia coli DOSE/DURATION : 220 mg/kg REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 272,161,1992 TYPE OF TEST : Specific locus test TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Ovary DOSE/DURATION : 600 mg/L REFERENCE : PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,594,1981 TYPE OF TEST : Morphological transformation TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Embryo DOSE/DURATION : 50 ug/L REFERENCE : CALEDQ Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland). (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1975- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,45,1977 TYPE OF TEST : Morphological transformation TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Kidney DOSE/DURATION : 80 ug/L REFERENCE : BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 37,873,1978 TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Lung DOSE/DURATION : 100 umol/L/2H REFERENCE : BBRCA9 Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 72,732,1976 TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Liver DOSE/DURATION : 20 nmol/L REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 136,255,1984 TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Ovary DOSE/DURATION : 160 mg/L REFERENCE : EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10(Suppl 10),1,1987 TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Ovary DOSE/DURATION : 5 mg/L REFERENCE : EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10(Suppl 10),1,1987 TYPE OF TEST : DNA adduct ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral TEST SYSTEM : Mammal - dog DOSE/DURATION : 60 umol/kg REFERENCE : EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 49,125,1983 TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified TEST SYSTEM : Mammal - dog Cells - not otherwise specified DOSE/DURATION : 100 umol/L REFERENCE : CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year: 44,1893,1984 TYPE OF TEST : DNA adduct TEST SYSTEM : Mammal - dog Cells - not otherwise specified DOSE/DURATION : 100 umol/L REFERENCE : CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year: 44,1893,1984 TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rabbit Cells - not otherwise specified DOSE/DURATION : 100 umol/L REFERENCE : CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,401,1987 TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rabbit Liver DOSE/DURATION : 1 umol/L REFERENCE : CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year: 43,3120,1983 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Confirmed human carcinogen (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Human Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,80,1972 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,80,1972 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,149,1982 IARC Cancer Review:Human Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,149,1982 IARC Cancer Review:Group 1 IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,123,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW EAHB** Environmental and Health Criteria for Benzidine. Meeting of DHEW Committee to Coordinate Toxicology and Related Programs, Feb. 15, 1974 at Sterling Forest, NY Volume(issue)/page/year: -,38,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW KHZHAZ Khimiya i Zhizn. Chemistry and Life. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1965- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12(2),85,1976 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ADCSAJ Advances in Chemistry Series. (American Chemical Soc., Distribution Office Dept. 223, POB 57136, West End Stn., Washington, DC 20037) No.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,271,1970 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW BLFSBY Basic Life Sciences. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 223 Spring St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,253,1983 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD:skin-HUMAN CARCINOGEN, NO ASSIGNED TWA DTLWS* "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air," Supplements. For publisher information, see 85INA8. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,11,1973 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):see CFR 29,1910.1010 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):see CFR 29,1926.1110 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926,55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):see CFR 29,1915.1010 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA-cancer suspect agent CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1010,1987 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA;(Prohibited) Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.001 ppm (0.008 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO BENZIDINE-air:CA use 29 CFR 1910.1010 REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 09830 No. of Facilities: 263 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 5 No. of Employees: 1166 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 09830 No. of Facilities: 252 (estimated) No. of Industries: 3 No. of Occupations: 8 No. of Employees: 1554 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 426 (estimated) *** STATUS IN U.S. *** ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: PB/90/168204/AS EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; SHE-clonal assay EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-mouse embryo EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat embryo EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Mammalian micronucleus; Histidine reversion-Ames test EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: In vitro UDS in rat liver EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: E coli polA without S9; In vitro UDS-human fibroblast EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: CHO gene mutation EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies On EPA IRIS database EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998 NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Benzidine, 5509; in urine, 8306 NTP 7th Annual Report on Carcinogens, 1992 : known to be carcinogenic OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID-65 *** END OF RECORD ***