*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***

RTECS NUMBER            : DD0525000
CHEMICAL NAME           : Benzidine, 3,3'-dichloro-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER     : 91-94-1
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. : 2108022
REFERENCE               : 4-13-00-00384 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
LAST UPDATED            : 199712
DATA ITEMS CITED        : 53
MOLECULAR FORMULA       : C12-H10-Cl2-N2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT        : 253.14
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : ZR BG DR DZ CG
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR     : Tumorigen
                          Mutagen
                          Reproductive Effector
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
   * (1,1'-Biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine, 3,3'-dichloro-
   * C.I. 23060
   * Curithane C126
   * 4,4'-Diamino-3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl
   * 4,4'-Diamino-3,3'-dichlorodiphenyl
   * 3,3'-Dichlorbenzidin
   * 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidina
   * Dichlorobenzidine
   * o,o'-Dichlorobenzidine
   * 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
   * Dichlorobenzidine base
   * 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
   * 3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-biphenyldiamine
   * 3,3'-Dichlorobiphenyl-4,4'-diamine
   * 3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl
   * 3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-diamino(1,1-biphenyl)
   * RCRA waste number U073
 
                       *** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
 
                          ** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 17 gm/kg/50W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
   Blood - tumors
   Skin and Appendages - tumors
REFERENCE :
   TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.  (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
   First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-    1959-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   31,159,1975
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 3600 mg/kg/61W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
   Skin and Appendages - breast
REFERENCE :
   VOONAW Voprosy Onkologii.  Problems of Oncology.  For English translation,
   see PONCAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)  V.1-10,
   1928-37; V.1-    1955-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 21(6),110,1975
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 5100 mg/kg/43W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
   Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
   VOONAW Voprosy Onkologii.  Problems of Oncology.  For English translation,
   see PONCAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)  V.1-10,
   1928-37; V.1-    1955-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 5(5),524,1959
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 320 mg/kg
                          female 15-21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
   Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - transplacental tumorigenesis
   Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
REFERENCE :
   BEXBAN Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine (English Translation).
   Translation of BEBMAE. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY
   10013)  V.41-    1956-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 78,1402,1974
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 5200 mg/kg/47W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
   Liver - tumors
   Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
REFERENCE :
   VOONAW Voprosy Onkologii.  Problems of Oncology.  For English translation,
   see PONCAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)  V.1-10,
   1928-37; V.1-    1955-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 5(5),524,1959
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION           : 17 gm/kg/7Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
   Liver - tumors
   Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - tumors
REFERENCE :
   DUPON* E.I. Dupont de Nemours and Company, Technical Sheet.  (1007 Market
   St., Wilmington, DE 19898)  Volume(issue)/page/year: HL623-74,1974
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - hamster
DOSE/DURATION           : 176 gm/kg/70W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
   Liver - tumors
   Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - tumors
REFERENCE :
   PAACA3 Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research. (Waverly
   Press, 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202)  V.1-    1954-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,78,1969
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 20 gm/kg/52W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
   Gastrointestinal - tumors
   Skin and Appendages - tumors
REFERENCE :
   VOONAW Voprosy Onkologii.  Problems of Oncology.  For English translation,
   see PONCAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)  V.1-10,
   1928-37; V.1-    1955-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 5(5),524,1959
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 21 gm/kg/50W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
   Blood - tumors
   Skin and Appendages - tumors
REFERENCE :
   TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.  (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
   First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-    1959-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   31,159,1975
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 7 gm/kg/43W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
   Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
REFERENCE :
   VOONAW Voprosy Onkologii.  Problems of Oncology.  For English translation,
   see PONCAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)  V.1-10,
   1928-37; V.1-    1955-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 5(5),524,1959
 
                            ** MUTATION DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION           : 50 ug/plate
REFERENCE :
   CALEDQ Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland).  (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland
   Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland)  V.1-    1975- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   4,21,1977
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION           : 10 nmol/plate
REFERENCE :
   MUTAEX Mutagenesis. (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road,
   Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1986-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,225,1987
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM             : Human HeLa cell
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 nmol/L
REFERENCE :
   CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
   Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106)  V.1-    1941-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   38,2621,1978
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Morphological transformation
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat Embryo
DOSE/DURATION           : 5 mg/L
REFERENCE :
   JNCIAM Journal of the National Cancer Institute.  (Washington, DC)  V.1-60,
   1940-78.  For publisher information, see JJIND8.  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   51,799,1973
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Body fluid assay
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION           : 40 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   SAIGBL Sangyo Igaku.  Japanese Journal of Industrial Health.  (Nippon Sangyo
   Eisei Igakkai, Kosu Eisei Bldg., 1-29-8, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160,
   Japan)  V.1-    1959-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,426,1981
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Micronucleus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 1 gm/kg
REFERENCE :
   MUTAEX Mutagenesis. (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road,
   Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1986-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,267,1987
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 319,19,1993
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Cytogenetic analysis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 319,19,1993
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Morphological transformation
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - hamster Embryo
DOSE/DURATION           : 12500 ug/L
REFERENCE :
   AETODY Advances in Modern Environmental Toxicology.  (Senate Press, Inc.,
   P.O. Box 252, Princeton Junction, NJ 08550)  V.1-    1980-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,241,1980
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Morphological transformation
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - hamster Kidney
DOSE/DURATION           : 80 ug/L
REFERENCE :
   BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer.  (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills,
   Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK)  V.1-    1947-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   37,873,1978
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA adduct
TEST SYSTEM             : Mammal - species unspecified Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION           : 25500 nmol/L
REFERENCE :
   CBINA8 Chemico-Biological Interactions.  (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland
   Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland)  V.1-    1969-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   38,369,1982

                              *** REVIEWS ***
 
   ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen, NO TWA (skin)
   DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
   (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
   Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   TLV/BEI,1997

   IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence
   IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
   to Man.  (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
   V.1-    1972-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,49,1974

   IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence
   IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
   to Man.  (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
   V.1-    1972-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,239,1982

   IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence
   IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
   to Man.  (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
   V.1-    1972-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,239,1982

   IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B
   IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement.  (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49
   Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)  No.1-    1979-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   7,193,1987

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   ADCSAJ Advances in Chemistry Series.  (American Chemical Soc., Distribution
   Office Dept. 223, POB 57136, West End Stn., Washington, DC 20037)  No.1-
   1950-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,271,1970

                    *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS ***
 
   MSHA STANDARD:skin-HUMAN CARCINOGEN, NO ASSIGNED TWA
   DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
   (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
   Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996  Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,77,1971

   OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):see CFR 29,1910.1007
   CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
   of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   29,1910.1000,1994

   OSHA PEL (Construc):see CFR 29,1926.1107
   CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
   of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   29,1926.55,1994

   OSHA PEL (Shipyard):see CFR 29,1915.1007
   CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
   of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   29,1915.1000,1993

   OSHA-cancer suspect agent
   CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
   of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   29,1910.1007,1987

                    *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
 
   OEL-AUSTRALIA;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993
   
   OEL-FRANCE;Carcinogen JAN 1993
   
   OEL-GERMANY;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993
   
   OEL-SWEDEN;Carcinogen JAN 1993
   
   OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.1 mg/m3;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993
   
   OEL-SWITZERLAND;Carcinogen JAN 1993
   
   OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
   
   OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV

         *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***

NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) :
   NIOSH REL TO 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE-air:CA use 29 CFR 1910.1007
REFERENCE :
   NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of
   Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992

                          *** STATUS IN U.S. ***
 
   ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE
   NTIS** National Technical Information Service.  (Springfield, VA 22161)
   Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: PB/90/171455/AS

   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
   
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat embryo
   
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-SA7/SHE; Histidine
   reversion-Ames test
   
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: In vitro UDS-human fibroblast
   
   EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
   
   EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
   
   On EPA IRIS database
   
   EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
   
   NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine, 5509
   
   NTP 7th Annual Report on Carcinogens, 1992 : anticipated to be carcinogen
   
   OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID-65

 
                            *** END OF RECORD ***