*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***

RTECS NUMBER            : DD0600000
CHEMICAL NAME           : Benzidine, dihydrochloride
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER     : 531-85-1
LAST UPDATED            : 199710
DATA ITEMS CITED        : 31
MOLECULAR FORMULA       : C12-H12-N2.2Cl-H
MOLECULAR WEIGHT        : 257.18
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : ZR DR DZ &GH 2
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR     : Tumorigen
                          Drug
                          Mutagen
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
   * (1,1'-Biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine, dihydrochloride
   * Dihidrocloruro de benzidina
 
                       *** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
 
                          ** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 62 mg/kg/4W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
   Endocrine - tumors
   Skin and Appendages - tumors
REFERENCE :
   CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House,
   Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK)  V.1-    1980-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,747,1981
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 3360 mg/kg/80W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
   Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
   TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.  (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
   First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-    1959-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   64,171,1982
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - hamster
DOSE/DURATION           : 75 mg/kg/3Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
   Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
   85DAAC "Bladder Cancer, A Symposium, Fifth Inter-American Conference on
   Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Coral Gables, FL," Lampe, K.F., et
   al., eds., Coral Gables, FL, Aesculapius Pub., 1966 Volume(issue)/page/year:
   5,129,1966
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 1600 mg/kg/84W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
   Liver - tumors
   Endocrine - tumors
REFERENCE :
   CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
   Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106)  V.1-    1941-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   35,2814,1975
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 5040 mg/kg/60W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
   Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
   TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.  (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
   First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-    1959-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   64,171,1982
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 8064 mg/kg/80W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
   Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
   Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
   EJCAAH European Journal of Cancer.  (Oxford, UK)  V.1-17(6), 1965-1981. For
   publisher information, see EJCODS.  Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,1205,1980
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 1680 mg/kg/40W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
   Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
   TOPADD Toxicologic Pathology.  (c/o Dr. F.A. de la Iglesia, Warner-Lambert
   Co., Pharmaceutical Research Div., POB 1047, Ann Arbor, MI 48106) V.6(3/4)- 
     1978-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,1,1981
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 13440 mg/kg/1Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
   Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
   FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology.  (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
   First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-    1981-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   4,69,1984
 
                            ** MUTATION DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 nmol/plate
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 136,33,1984
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA repair
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION           : 250 ug/well
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 133,161,1984
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA adduct
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION           : 20 umol/L
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 89,95,1981
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA adduct
TEST SYSTEM             : Human HeLa cell
DOSE/DURATION           : 20 umol/L
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 89,95,1981
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA damage
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 250 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
   Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106)  V.1-    1941-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   38,1589,1978
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA damage
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Subcutaneous
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 250 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
   Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106)  V.1-    1941-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   38,1589,1978
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat Liver
DOSE/DURATION           : 3 umol/L
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 216,101,1989
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Micronucleus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 300 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   MUTAEX Mutagenesis. (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road,
   Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1986-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,437,1988
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Micronucleus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 400 mg/kg/48H (Continuous)
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 234,187,1990
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION           : 30 mg/L
REFERENCE :
   EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis.  (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E.
   11th St., New York, NY 10003)  V.10-    1987-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   12(Suppl 13),37,1988
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation in mammalian somatic cells
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION           : 25 mg/L
REFERENCE :
   EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis.  (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E.
   11th St., New York, NY 10003)  V.10-    1987-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   12(Suppl 13),103,1988
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Morphological transformation
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - hamster Embryo
DOSE/DURATION           : 200 umol/L
REFERENCE :
   ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis.  (New York, NY)  V.1-9, 1979-87.  For
   publisher information, see EMMUEG.  Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,515,1986
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Sister chromatid exchange
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - hamster
DOSE/DURATION           : 12500 ug/kg
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 113,33,1983
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Sister chromatid exchange
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - hamster
DOSE/DURATION           : 12500 ug/kg
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 113,33,1983
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation in mammalian somatic cells
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION           : 20 mg/L
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 94,449,1982

         *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***

NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
   NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
     NOHS Hazard Code - 83072
       No. of Facilities: 64 (estimated)
       No. of Industries: 2
       No. of Occupations: 2
       No. of Employees: 598 (estimated)
   
   NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
     NOES Hazard Code - 83072
       No. of Facilities: 103 (estimated)
       No. of Industries: 1
       No. of Occupations: 2
       No. of Employees: 2987 (estimated)
       No. of Female Employees: 2464 (estimated)

                          *** STATUS IN U.S. ***
 
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; Cell
   transform.-SA7/SHE
   
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Histidine reversion-Ames test
   
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal
   
   EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
   
   EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
   
   EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998

 
                            *** END OF RECORD ***