*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : DW2275000
CHEMICAL NAME : 4,4'-Bipyridinium, 1,1'-dimethyl-, dichloride
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 1910-42-5
LAST UPDATED : 199806
DATA ITEMS CITED : 105
MOLECULAR FORMULA : C12-H14-N2.2Cl
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 257.18
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : T6KJ A1 D- DT6KJ A1 &G 2
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Agricultural Chemical
Drug
Mutagen
Reproductive Effector
Human
Primary Irritant
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* AH 501
* Bipyridinium, 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-, dichloride
* Cekuquat
* Crisquat
* Dextrone
* Dextrone-X
* Dexuron
* N,N'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride
* 1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridynium dichloride
* 1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-dipyridinium-dichlorid
* 4,4'-Dimethyldipyridyl dichloride
* Dimethyl viologen chloride
* Dwuchlorek 1,1'-dwumetylo-4,4'-dwupirydyniowy
* Esgram
* Galokson
* Goldquat 276
* Gramixel
* Gramoxon
* Gramoxone
* Gramoxone D
* Gramoxone dichloride
* Gramoxone S
* Gramoxone W
* Gramuron
* Herbaxon
* Herboxone
* Methylviologen
* Methyl viologen dichloride
* Methyl viologen (reduced)
* OK 622
* Ortho paraquat CL
* Parakwat
* Paraquat
* Paraquat chloride
* Paraquat CL
* Paraquat, dichloride
* Pathclear
* Pillarquat
* Pillarxone
* Toxer total
* Viologen, methyl-
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** SKIN/EYE IRRITATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 25 mg
REACTION SEVERITY : Mild
REFERENCE :
BJIMAG British Journal of Industrial Medicine. (British Medical Journal,
Box 560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046) V.1- 1944- Volume(issue)/page/year:
23,126,1966
TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 12500 ug
REACTION SEVERITY : Severe
REFERENCE :
BECTA6 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.
(Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ
07094) V.1- 1966- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,163,1973
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION : 1720 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - acute pulmonary edema
Liver - liver function tests impaired
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure,
acute tubular necrosis)
REFERENCE :
CTOXAO Clinical Toxicology. (New York, NY) V.1-18, 1968-81. For publisher
information, see JTCTDW. Volume(issue)/page/year: 18,915,1981
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION : 3380 uL/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - sputum
REFERENCE :
AJEMEN American Journal of Emergency Medicine. (WB Saunders, Philadelphia,
PA) V.1- 1983- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,509,1988
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 214 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
REFERENCE :
YKYUA6 Yakkyoku. Pharmacy. (Nanzando, 4-1-11, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo,
Japan) V.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 30,985,1979
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION : 3 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - headache
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cough
Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
REFERENCE :
FSIZAQ Fukushima Igaku Zasshi. (c/o Fukushima-kenritsu Ika Daigaku
Toshokan, 5-75 Sugizuma-cho, Fukushima, Japan) V.1- 1951-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 27,494,1977
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION : 32 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
Gastrointestinal - other changes
REFERENCE :
BMJOAE British Medical Journal. (British Medical Assoc., BMA House,
Tavistock Sq., London WC1H 9JR, UK) V.1- 1857- Volume(issue)/page/year:
3,290,1968
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION : 43 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in both tubules and glomeruli
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume decreased
REFERENCE :
BMJOAE British Medical Journal. (British Medical Assoc., BMA House,
Tavistock Sq., London WC1H 9JR, UK) V.1- 1857- Volume(issue)/page/year:
2,396,1978
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION : 111 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from stomach
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure,
acute tubular necrosis)
REFERENCE :
AIMDAP Archives of Internal Medicine. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago,
IL 60610) V.1- 1908- Volume(issue)/page/year: 146,681,1986
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 57 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
RREVAH Residue Reviews. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44
Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1962- Volume(issue)/page/year:
10,97,1965
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 80 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
WRPCA2 World Review of Pest Control. (London, UK) V.1-10, 1962-71.
Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,119,1970
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 26 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - recordings from specific areas of CNS
Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation
REFERENCE :
BJIMAG British Journal of Industrial Medicine. (British Medical Journal,
Box 560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046) V.1- 1944- Volume(issue)/page/year:
23,126,1966
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 27 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NNGADV Nippon Noyaku Gakkaishi. Journal of the Pesticide Science Society of
Japan. (Nippon Noyaku Gakkai, 1-43-11, Komagome, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170,
Japan) V.1- 1976- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,157,1988
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 21 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - acute pulmonary edema
Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
Skin and Appendages - hair
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
22,241,1972
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 120 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis (interstitial)
Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - lipids including transport
REFERENCE :
GEPHDP General Pharmacology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview
Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.6- 1975- Volume(issue)/page/year:
12,225,1981
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 20 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - acute pulmonary edema
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
REFERENCE :
JPTLAS Journal of Pathology. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Ave., New
York, NY 10158) V.97- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 128,21,1979
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 37 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NNGADV Nippon Noyaku Gakkaishi. Journal of the Pesticide Science Society of
Japan. (Nippon Noyaku Gakkai, 1-43-11, Komagome, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170,
Japan) V.1- 1976- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,157,1988
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 180 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
CSLNX* U.S. Army Armament Research & Development Command, Chemical Systems
Laboratory, NIOSH Exchange Chemicals. (Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010)
Volume(issue)/page/year: NX#00224
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 25 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
IYKEDH Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. (Nippon Koteisho
Kyokai, 12-15, 2-chome, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.1- 1970-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,520,1979
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 34500 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
REFERENCE :
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
2,261,1982
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Primate - monkey
DOSE/DURATION : 50 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - emphysema
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure,
acute tubular necrosis)
REFERENCE :
EXMPA6 Experimental and Molecular Pathology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1962- Volume(issue)/page/year:
17,317,1972
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION : 35 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
IYKEDH Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. (Nippon Koteisho
Kyokai, 12-15, 2-chome, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.1- 1970-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,520,1979
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 325 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Skin and Appendages - cutaneous sensitization, experimental (after topical
exposure)
REFERENCE :
BJIMAG British Journal of Industrial Medicine. (British Medical Journal,
Box 560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046) V.1- 1944- Volume(issue)/page/year:
23,126,1966
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 18 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - excitement
Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
REFERENCE :
VHTODE Veterinary and Human Toxicology. (American College of Veterinary and
Comparative Toxicology, Publication Office, Comparative Toxicology,
Manhattan, KS 66506) V.19- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,404,1979
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Ocular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
BECTA6 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.
(Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ
07094) V.1- 1966- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,163,1973
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - pig
DOSE/DURATION : 30 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
85GYAV "Pflanzenschutz-und Schaedlingsbekaempfungsmittel: Abriss einer
Toxikologie und Therapie von Vergiftungen," 2nd ed., Klimmer, O.R.,
Hattingen, Fed. Rep. Ger., Hundt-Verlag, 1971 Volume(issue)/page/year:
-,104,1971
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 22 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
REFERENCE :
EXMPA6 Experimental and Molecular Pathology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1962- Volume(issue)/page/year:
17,317,1972
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 3 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
BJIMAG British Journal of Industrial Medicine. (British Medical Journal,
Box 560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046) V.1- 1944- Volume(issue)/page/year:
23,126,1966
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Bird - chicken
DOSE/DURATION : 362 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
BJIMAG British Journal of Industrial Medicine. (British Medical Journal,
Box 560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046) V.1- 1944- Volume(issue)/page/year:
23,126,1966
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Bird - duck
DOSE/DURATION : 199 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
47,451,1979
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Bird - duck
DOSE/DURATION : 600 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
47,451,1979
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Amphibian - frog
DOSE/DURATION : 260 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
ABHUE6 Acta Biologica Hungarica. (Kultura, POB 149, H-1389 Budapest,
Hungary) V.34- 1983- Volume(issue)/page/year: 36,295,1985
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Bird - turkey
DOSE/DURATION : 250 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
REFERENCE :
POSCAL Poultry Science. (Poultry Science Assoc., Inc., 309 W. Clark St.,
Champaign, IL 61820) V.1- 1921- Volume(issue)/page/year: 52,1625,1973
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Bird - turkey
DOSE/DURATION : 375 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
REFERENCE :
POSCAL Poultry Science. (Poultry Science Assoc., Inc., 309 W. Clark St.,
Champaign, IL 61820) V.1- 1921- Volume(issue)/page/year: 52,1625,1973
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Bird - turkey
DOSE/DURATION : 20 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
REFERENCE :
POSCAL Poultry Science. (Poultry Science Assoc., Inc., 309 W. Clark St.,
Champaign, IL 61820) V.1- 1921- Volume(issue)/page/year: 52,1625,1973
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Bird - turkey
DOSE/DURATION : 12500 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
REFERENCE :
POSCAL Poultry Science. (Poultry Science Assoc., Inc., 309 W. Clark St.,
Champaign, IL 61820) V.1- 1921- Volume(issue)/page/year: 52,1625,1973
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - domestic
DOSE/DURATION : 30 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
85GYAV "Pflanzenschutz-und Schaedlingsbekaempfungsmittel: Abriss einer
Toxikologie und Therapie von Vergiftungen," 2nd ed., Klimmer, O.R.,
Hattingen, Fed. Rep. Ger., Hundt-Verlag, 1971 Volume(issue)/page/year:
-,104,1971
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - domestic
DOSE/DURATION : 1 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JTCTDW Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270
Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.19- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year:
19,911,1983
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 608 mg/kg/19W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes
Endocrine - hypoglycemia
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - transaminases
REFERENCE :
KHZDAN Khigiena i Zdraveopazvane. Hygiene and Sanitation. (Hemus, Blvd.
Russki 6, Sofia, Bulgaria) V.9- 1966- Volume(issue)/page/year:
12,325,1969
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 1638 mg/kg/13W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - changes in heart weight
Liver - changes in liver weight
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
NNGADV Nippon Noyaku Gakkaishi. Journal of the Pesticide Science Society of
Japan. (Nippon Noyaku Gakkai, 1-43-11, Komagome, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170,
Japan) V.1- 1976- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,157,1988
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 187 mg/kg/30D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells
Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - transaminases
REFERENCE :
EESADV Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year:
7,475,1983
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 232 mg/kg/15D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - changes in lung weight
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - other proteins
REFERENCE :
JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub.,
1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 44,29,1995
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 13140 mg/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
NNGADV Nippon Noyaku Gakkaishi. Journal of the Pesticide Science Society of
Japan. (Nippon Noyaku Gakkai, 1-43-11, Komagome, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170,
Japan) V.1- 1976- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,157,1988
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 3276 mg/kg/13W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - changes in lung weight
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
NNGADV Nippon Noyaku Gakkaishi. Journal of the Pesticide Science Society of
Japan. (Nippon Noyaku Gakkai, 1-43-11, Komagome, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170,
Japan) V.1- 1976- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,157,1988
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 64 mg/kg/14D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes
Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - lipids including transport
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
EESADV Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year:
17,47,1989
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 400 ug/m3/6H/3W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
REFERENCE :
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
10,717,1988
** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 149 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 7-17 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects
REFERENCE :
NNGADV Nippon Noyaku Gakkaishi. Journal of the Pesticide Science Society of
Japan. (Nippon Noyaku Gakkai, 1-43-11, Komagome, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170,
Japan) V.1- 1976- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,157,1988
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 14 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-3 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - parturition
Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in
number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)
Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility
REFERENCE :
MSCREJ Medical Science Research. (Elsevier Applied Science Pub. Ltd., Crown
House, Linton Rd., Barking, Essex IG11 8JU, UK) V.15- 1987-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,27,1995
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 300 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-3 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth)
REFERENCE :
MSCREJ Medical Science Research. (Elsevier Applied Science Pub. Ltd., Crown
House, Linton Rd., Barking, Essex IG11 8JU, UK) V.15- 1987-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,27,1995
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 14 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-3 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - stillbirth
REFERENCE :
MSCREJ Medical Science Research. (Elsevier Applied Science Pub. Ltd., Crown
House, Linton Rd., Barking, Essex IG11 8JU, UK) V.15- 1987-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,27,1995
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 6500 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 6 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
26UZAB "Pesticides Symposia; Collection of Papers Presented at the Sixth &
Seventh Inter-American Conferences on Toxicology and Occupational Medicine,
Miami, FL," Miami, FL, J.L. Halos, 1968-70 Volume(issue)/page/year:
6,257,1968/1970
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 7 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular
(circulatory) system
REFERENCE :
JTSCDR Journal of Toxicological Sciences. (Japanese Soc. of Toxicological
Sciences, 4th Floor, Gakkai Center Bldg., 4-16, Yayoi 2-chome, Bunkyo-ku,
Tokyo 113, Japan) V.1- 1976- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,151,1994
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 1163 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION : multigeneration
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - female fertility index (e.g. # females pregnant
per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated)
REFERENCE :
AECTCV Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.
(Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ
070944) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,759,1987
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 1785 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION : multigeneration
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - other postnatal measures or effects
REFERENCE :
AECTCV Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.
(Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ
070944) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,759,1987
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 30150 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8-16 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
33,450,1975
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 2500 ng/plate
REFERENCE :
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,169,1979
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 20 ug/plate
REFERENCE :
ABCHA6 Agricultural and Biological Chemistry. (Maruzen Co. Ltd., POB 5050,
Tokyo International, Tokyo 100-31, Japan) V.25- 1961-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 45,327,1981
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 1 gm/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 192,239,1987
TYPE OF TEST : DNA repair
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 100 ug/plate
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 68,183,1979
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 2 gm/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 163,15,1986
TYPE OF TEST : Phage inhibition capacity
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 2090 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 267,1,1992
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Microorganism - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 1000 ppm
REFERENCE :
IJEBA6 Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. (Publications & Information
Directorate, CSIR, Hillside Rd., New Delhi 110 012, India) V.1- 1963-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,114,1973
TYPE OF TEST : Specific locus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Insect - Drosophila melanogaster
DOSE/DURATION : 2 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 280,291,1992
TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Insect - Drosophila melanogaster
DOSE/DURATION : 1929 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 319,89,1993
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
DOSE/DURATION : 12859 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 319,89,1993
TYPE OF TEST : Gene conversion and mitotic recombination
TEST SYSTEM : Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
DOSE/DURATION : 100 ppm
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,83,1973
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Mold - Aspergillus nidulans
DOSE/DURATION : 400 ug/plate
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 68,183,1979
TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TEST SYSTEM : Mold - Aspergillus nidulans
DOSE/DURATION : 20 gm/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 68,183,1979
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 250 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 344,41,1995
TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM : Human Fibroblast
DOSE/DURATION : 20 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 68,183,1979
TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM : Human Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 20 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 68,183,1979
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 900 mg/L
REFERENCE :
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000
Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year:
45,101,1980
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 7715 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 319,89,1993
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 900 mg/L
REFERENCE :
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000
Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year:
45,101,1980
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 126 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For
publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,47,1975
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 126 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For
publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,47,1975
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 1250 ug/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 188,311,1987
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in mammalian somatic cells
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 60 mg/L
REFERENCE :
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E.
11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year:
12,85,1988
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Lung
DOSE/DURATION : 20 umol/L
REFERENCE :
TIVIEQ Toxicology In Vitro. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview
Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,53,1989
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 188,241,1987
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Fibroblast
DOSE/DURATION : 1 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
PAACA3 Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research. (Waverly
Press, 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1954-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,110,1984
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Lung
DOSE/DURATION : 80 nmol/L
REFERENCE :
TIVIEQ Toxicology In Vitro. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview
Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,53,1989
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 188,311,1987
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM : Bird - chicken Liver
DOSE/DURATION : 50 mg/L
REFERENCE :
EJTXAZ European Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene. (Paris,
France) V.7-9, 1974-76. For publisher information, see TOERD9.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,226,1975
*** REVIEWS ***
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
FEPRA7 Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for
Experimental Biology. (Bethesda, MD) V.1-46, 1942-87.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 35,89,1976
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CNDQA8 Cahiers de Nutrition et de Dietetique. (Editions Meteore, 42, rue du
Louvre, 75001 Paris, France) V.1- 1966- Volume(issue)/page/year:
10(3),43,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CRTXB2 CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology. (CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate
Blvd., NW, Boca Raton, FL 33431) V.1- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year:
1(1),93,1971
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
DTTIAF Deutsche Tieraerztliche Wochenschrift. (Hanover, Fed. Rep. Ger.)
V.1-77, 1893-1970. Volume(issue)/page/year: 80,485,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
FNSCA6 Forensic Science. (Lausanne, Switzerland) V.1-11, 1972-78. For pub
lisher information, see FSINDR. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,67,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing
Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,121,1976
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AJHPA9 American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. (American Soc. of Hospital
Pharmacists, 4630 Montgomery Ave., Bethesda, MD 20814) V.15- 1958-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 35,1368,1978
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CTOXAO Clinical Toxicology. (New York, NY) V.1-18, 1968-81. For publisher
information, see JTCTDW. Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,1,1979
*** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS ***
EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of
Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year:
54,7740,1989
OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (skin), respirable dust
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1910.1000,1994
OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (skin), respirable dust
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1926.55,1994
OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (skin), respirable dust
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1915.1000,1993
*** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.1 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-GERMANY:TWA 0.1 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.1 mg/m3;STEL 0.2 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 84723
No. of Facilities: 699 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 2
No. of Occupations: 3
No. of Employees: 873 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae gene conversion
On EPA IRIS database
*** END OF RECORD ***