*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***

RTECS NUMBER            : FI5490000
CHEMICAL NAME           : Catha edulis Forsk, leaf extract
SUBSTANCE DEFINITION :
   A common chewing material containing (-)-cathinone as the active ingredient
REFERENCE :
   RCSADO Research Communications in Substances Abuse.  (PJD Pub. Ltd., P.O.Box
   966, Westbury, NY 11590) V.1-    1980-
LAST UPDATED            : 199706
DATA ITEMS CITED        : 17
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR     : Mutagen
                          Reproductive Effector
                          Natural Product
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
   * Khat leaf extract
 
                       *** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
 
                        ** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LD - Lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : >2 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Behavioral - tremor
   Behavioral - excitement
   Skin and Appendages - hair
REFERENCE :
   DTESD7 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017)  V.1-15, 1977-87.
   Discontinued 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017)  V.1-    1977-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,337,1983
 
                          ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 1250 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 6-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects
   Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
   resorbed implants per total number of implants)
   Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
   e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
   DCTODJ Drug and Chemical Toxicology.  (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New
   York, NY 10016) V.1-    1977/78-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 17,51,1994
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 5 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 6-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
   Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
   (including nose and tongue)
   Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental
   abnormalities
REFERENCE :
   DCTODJ Drug and Chemical Toxicology.  (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New
   York, NY 10016) V.1-    1977/78-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 17,51,1994
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 5 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 6-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
   Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
   (including nose and tongue)
   Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
REFERENCE :
   DCTODJ Drug and Chemical Toxicology.  (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New
   York, NY 10016) V.1-    1977/78-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 17,51,1994
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE                    : 350 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : male 1 week(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Fertility - male fertility index (e.g. # males impregnating
   females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)
   Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
   resorbed implants per total number of implants)
   Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured
   before birth)
REFERENCE :
   TOLED5 Toxicology Letters.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1977-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 50,349,1990
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE                    : 106 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 45-68 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
   e.g., stunted fetus)
   Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
   gain)
REFERENCE :
   JOETD7 Journal of Ethnopharmacology.  (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland
   Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland)  V.1-    1979-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   23,11,1988
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE                    : 4400 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 60 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - maternal-fetal exchange
REFERENCE :
   JOETD7 Journal of Ethnopharmacology.  (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland
   Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland)  V.1-    1979-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   23,19,1988
 
                            ** MUTATION DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION           : 25 uL/plate
REFERENCE :
   RCSADO Research Communications in Substances Abuse.  (PJD Pub. Ltd., P.O.Box
   966, Westbury, NY 11590) V.1-    1980-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,179,1985
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM             : Human Fibroblast
DOSE/DURATION           : 45 ug/L
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 204,317,1988
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM             : Human Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION           : 200 ug/L
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 204,317,1988
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM             : Human Fibroblast
DOSE/DURATION           : 24 ug/L
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 204,317,1988
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM             : Human Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION           : 58 ug/L
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 204,317,1988
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Micronucleus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 250 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   DCTODJ Drug and Chemical Toxicology.  (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New
   York, NY 10016) V.1-    1977/78-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,151,1988
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 1250 mg/kg/5D (Intermittent)
REFERENCE :
   DCTODJ Drug and Chemical Toxicology.  (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New
   York, NY 10016) V.1-    1977/78-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,151,1988
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Cytogenetic analysis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 625 mg/kg/5D (Intermittent)
REFERENCE :
   DCTODJ Drug and Chemical Toxicology.  (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New
   York, NY 10016) V.1-    1977/78-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,151,1988
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Dominant lethal test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 2500 mg/kg/5D (Continuous)
REFERENCE :
   MUTAEX Mutagenesis. (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road,
   Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1986-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,381,1986
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Sperm Morphology
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 625 mg/kg/5D (Intermittent)
REFERENCE :
   DCTODJ Drug and Chemical Toxicology.  (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New
   York, NY 10016) V.1-    1977/78-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,151,1988
 
                            *** END OF RECORD ***