*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : FO2100000
CHEMICAL NAME : Chlorine
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 7782-50-5
LAST UPDATED : 199712
DATA ITEMS CITED : 63
MOLECULAR FORMULA : Cl2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 70.90
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : G2
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Tumorigen
Mutagen
Reproductive Effector
Human
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* Bertholite
* Chloor
* Chlor
* Chlore
* Chlorine
* Chlorine mol.
* Cloro
* Molecular chlorine
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 2530 mg/m3/30M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional change in trachea
or bronchi
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - emphysema
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema
REFERENCE :
28ZOAH "Chemicals in War," Prentiss, A.M., New York, McGraw Hill Book Co.,
1937 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,150,1937
TYPE OF TEST : LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 500 ppm/5M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
TABIA2 Tabulae Biologicae. (The Hague, Netherlands) V.1-22, 1925-63.
Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,231,1933
TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 293 ppm/1H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AMRL** Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory Report. (Aerospace Technical
Div., Air Force Systems Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433)
Volume(issue)/page/year: TR-72-62,1972
TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 137 ppm/1H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AMRL** Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory Report. (Aerospace Technical
Div., Air Force Systems Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433)
Volume(issue)/page/year: TR-72-62,1972
TYPE OF TEST : LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 800 ppm/30M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - muscle weakness
Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams &
Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,65,1919
TYPE OF TEST : LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 3200 ppm/3H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AHYGAJ Archiv fuer Hygiene. (Munich, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-100, 1883-1928.
For publisher information, see ZHPMAT. Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,231,1887
TYPE OF TEST : LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION : 500 ppm/5M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und
Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher
information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 138,65,1928
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 3312 mg/kg/92D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - change in clotting factors
REFERENCE :
JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub.,
1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,401,1987
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 109 gm/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Endocrine - changes in spleen weight
Blood - changes in other cell count (unspecified)
Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - Plasma proteins not involving
coagulation
REFERENCE :
FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House,
Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year:
21,427,1983
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 9 ppm/6H/6W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes
Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - phosphatases
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
49,77,1979
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 7568 mg/kg/28D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - food intake (animal)
Liver - changes in liver weight
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight
REFERENCE :
FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House,
Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year:
21,423,1983
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 42 gm/kg/2W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - changes in brain weight
Liver - changes in liver weight
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight
REFERENCE :
JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub.,
1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,1161,1977
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 9100 ppb/6H/5D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise
specified
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional change in trachea
or bronchi
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
71,225,1983
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 153 gm/kg/73W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - changes in heart weight
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight
Related to Chronic Data - changes in ovarian weight
REFERENCE :
FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House,
Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year:
21,435,1983
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 9100 ppb/6H/5D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise
specified
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional change in trachea
or bronchi
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
71,225,1983
** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 5096 mg/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Blood - leukemia
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-392,1992
** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 565 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : male 8 week(s) pre-mating
female 2 week(s) pre-mating - 3 week(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 35,43A,1987
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 1800 ug/L
REFERENCE :
OZSEDS Ozone: Science & Engineering. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House,
Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year:
8,217,1986
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 20 ppm
REFERENCE :
CBINA8 Chemico-Biological Interactions. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland
Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year:
6,375,1973
TYPE OF TEST : Sperm Morphology
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 20 mg/kg/5D (Continuous)
REFERENCE :
ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For
publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,201,1985
*** REVIEWS ***
ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
ACGIH TLV-STEL 2.9 mg/m3 (1 ppm)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
ACGIH TLV-TWA 1.5 mg/m3 (0.5 ppm)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
*** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS ***
EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of
Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year:
54,7740,1989
MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 1 ppm (3 mg/m3)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,46,1971
OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):CL 1 ppm (3 mg/m3)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1910.1000,1994
OSHA PEL (Construc):CL 1 ppm (3 mg/m3)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1926.55,1994
OSHA PEL (Shipyard):CL 1 ppm (3 mg/m3)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1915.1000,1993
OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):CL 1 ppm (3 mg/m3)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
41,50-204.50,1994
*** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 1 ppm (3 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 1 ppm (3 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 0.5 ppm (1.5 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.5 ppm (1.5 mg/m3);STEL 1 ppm (3 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.5 ppm (1.5 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-FINLAND:TWA 0.5 ppm (1.5 mg/m3);STEL 1 ppm (3 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-FRANCE:STEL 1 ppm (3 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-GERMANY:TWA 0.5 ppm (1.5 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 1 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-INDIA:TWA 1 ppm (3 mg/m3);STEL 3 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-JAPAN:TWA 1 ppm (2.9 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 1 ppm (3 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 1 ppm (3 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-POLAND:TWA 1.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 1 ppm;STEL 1 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 0.5 ppm (1.5 mg/m3);STEL 1 ppm (3 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.5 ppm (1.5 mg/m3);STEL 1 ppm (3 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-THAILAND:TWA 1 ppm (3 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-TURKEY:TWA 1 ppm (3 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 1 ppm (3 mg/m3);STEL 3 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) :
NIOSH REL TO CHLORINE-air:10H TWA 0.5 ppm;STEL 1 ppm
REFERENCE :
NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 18040
No. of Facilities: 21429 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 169
No. of Occupations: 86
No. of Employees: 220544 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - X9656
No. of Facilities: 338 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 3
No. of Occupations: 6
No. of Employees: 4768 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 1862 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - 18040
No. of Facilities: 5343 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 70
No. of Occupations: 75
No. of Employees: 178105 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 20221 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Bromine and chlorine, 6011
NTP Carcinogenesis Studies (drinking);equivocal evidence:rat
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-392,92
NTP Carcinogenesis Studies (drinking);no evidence:mouse
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-392,92
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID-101
*** END OF RECORD ***