*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : GF8750000
CHEMICAL NAME : Cobalt
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 7440-48-4
LAST UPDATED : 199806
DATA ITEMS CITED : 63
MOLECULAR FORMULA : Co
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 58.93
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : CO
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Tumorigen
Mutagen
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* Aquacat
* C.I. 77320
* Cobalt
* Cobalt-59
* Kobalt
* NCI-C60311
* Super cobalt
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 6171 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Behavioral - ataxia
Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
REFERENCE :
ATDAEI Acute Toxicity Data. Journal of the American College of Toxicology,
Part B. (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 1651 Third Ave., New York, NY 10128) V.1-
1990- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,686,1992
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Vascular - regional or general arteriolar or venous dilation
Liver - other changes
Blood - other changes
REFERENCE :
INMEAF Industrial Medicine. (Chicago, IL) V.1-18, 1932-49. For publisher
information, see IOHSA5. Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,482,1946
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
EQSSDX Environmental Quality and Safety, Supplement. (Stuttgart, Fed. Rep.
Ger.) V.1-5, 1975-76. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,1,1975
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intratracheal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 25 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161)
Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
Volume(issue)/page/year: AEC-TR-6710
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
EQSSDX Environmental Quality and Safety, Supplement. (Stuttgart, Fed. Rep.
Ger.) V.1-5, 1975-76. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,1,1975
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 750 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
REFERENCE :
AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans
Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4-
1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 62,347,1939
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
EQSSDX Environmental Quality and Safety, Supplement. (Stuttgart, Fed. Rep.
Ger.) V.1-5, 1975-76. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,1,1975
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 200 mg/m3/17W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Vascular - regional or general arteriolar or venous dilation
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure,
acute tubular necrosis)
REFERENCE :
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and
Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)
V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
Volume(issue)/page/year: 3(3),36,1959
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - pig
DOSE/DURATION : 100 ug/m3/6H/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - changes in pulmonary vascular resistance
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
REFERENCE :
AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf
Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year:
36,17,1975
** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 126 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria
Gastrointestinal - tumors
Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
REFERENCE :
NATUAS Nature. (Nature Subscription Dept., POB 1018, Manasguan, NJ 08736)
V.1- 1869- Volume(issue)/page/year: 173,822,1954
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Implant
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 75 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Musculoskeletal - tumors
REFERENCE :
ZEKBAI Zeitschrift fuer Krebsforschung. (Berlin, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-75,
1903-71. For publisher information, see JCROD7. Volume(issue)/page/year:
52,425,1942
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 126 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria
Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
REFERENCE :
BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills,
Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year:
10,668,1956
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test
TEST SYSTEM : Human Leukocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 600 ug/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 392,31,1997
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM : Human Leukocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 3 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 392,31,1997
*** REVIEWS ***
ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.02 mg(Co)/m3
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 52,363,1991
IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 52,363,1991
IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 52,363,1991
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TRBMAV Texas Reports on Biology and Medicine. (Galveston, TX) V.1-41(2),
1943-81/82. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 33,85,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AEMBAP Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. (Plenum Pub. Corp.,
233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year:
40,239,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ADTEAS Advances in Teratology. (New York, NY) V.1-5, 1966-72.
Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,51,1972
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
KOTTAM Kogai to Taisaku. Journal of Environmental Pollution Control. (Kogai
Taisaku Gijutsu Dokokai, Shuwa-Akasaka Bldg., 9-1-244, Akasaka, Minato-ku,
Tokyo 107, Japan) V.1- 1965- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,1300,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
FOREAE Food Research. (Champaign, IL) V.1-25, 1936-60. For publisher
information, see JFDSAZ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,313,1942
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MIBUBI Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni. Bulletin of Microbiology. (c/o Dr. A. Tevfik
Cenqiz, Ankara Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Mikrobiyoloji Ana Bilim Dah,
Ankara, Turkey) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,321,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For
publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,105,1971
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
85CVA2 "Oncology 1970, Proceedings of the Tenth International Cancer
Congress," Chicago, Year Book Medical Pub., 1971 Volume(issue)/page/year:
5,63,1970
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
PEXTAR Progress in Experimental Tumor Research. (S. Karger AG, Postfach
CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year:
12,102,1969
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
GSAMAQ Memoir--Geological Society of America. (POB 9140, Boulder, CO 80302)
No.1- 1934- Volume(issue)/page/year: 123,109,1971
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AMTODM Advances in Modern Toxicology. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third
Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.1, 1976-79. Discontinued.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,209,1977
*** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS ***
MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 (dust and fume)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,59,1971
OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 0.1 mg(Co)/m3
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1910.1000,1994
OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 0.1 mg(Co)/m3 (metal,fume,dust)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1926.55,1994
OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 0.1 mg(Co)/m3
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1915.1000,1993
OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 0.1 mg/m3, fume and dust
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
41,50-204.50,1994
*** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 0.05 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.05 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.05 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-FINLAND:TWA 0.05 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-GERMANY;Carcinogen JAN 1993
OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 0.1 mg/m3;STEL 0.2 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-POLAND:TWA 0.05 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 0.05 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.1 mg/m3;Carcinogen JAN 1993
OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) :
NIOSH REL TO COBALT METAL, dust and fume-air:10H TWA 0.05 mg/m3
REFERENCE :
NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 19770
No. of Facilities: 1331 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 27
No. of Occupations: 27
No. of Employees: 8513 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - X5978
No. of Facilities: 151 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 8
No. of Occupations: 7
No. of Employees: 1326 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 128 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - 19770
No. of Facilities: 3263 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 57
No. of Occupations: 86
No. of Employees: 78694 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 2650 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Cobalt and compounds as Co, 7027
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Elements by ICP, 7300
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Elements in blood or tissue, 8005
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID-125G
*** END OF RECORD ***