*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : KI4025000
CHEMICAL NAME : Ethane, hexachloro-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 67-72-1
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. : 1740341
REFERENCE : 4-01-00-00148 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
LAST UPDATED : 199712
DATA ITEMS CITED : 62
MOLECULAR FORMULA : C2-Cl6
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 236.72
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : GXGGXGGG
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Agricultural Chemical
Tumorigen
Drug
Mutagen
Reproductive Effector
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* Avlothane
* Carbon hexachloride
* Distokal
* Distopan
* Distopin
* Egitol
* Ethane hexachloride
* Ethylene hexachloride
* Falkitol
* Fasciolin
* Hexachlor-aethan
* Hexachlorethane
* Hexachloroethane
* 1,1,1,2,2,2-Hexachloroethane
* Hexachloroethane
* Hexachloroethylene
* Mottenhexe
* NCI-C04604
* Perchloroethane
* Phenohep
* RCRA waste number U131
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 4460 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf
Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year:
40,187,1979
TYPE OF TEST : LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 5900 ppm/8H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - muscle weakness
REFERENCE :
AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf
Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year:
40,187,1979
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 2900 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf
Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year:
40,187,1979
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 4500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag,
Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,902,1961
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 325 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
QJPPAL Quarterly Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology. (London, UK) V.2-21,
1929-48. For publisher information, see JPPMAB. Volume(issue)/page/year:
7,205,1934
TYPE OF TEST : LD - Lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : >1 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf
Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year:
40,187,1979
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 32 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf
Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year:
40,187,1979
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 4 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
QJPPAL Quarterly Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology. (London, UK) V.2-21,
1929-48. For publisher information, see JPPMAB. Volume(issue)/page/year:
7,205,1934
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 4970 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf
Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year:
40,187,1979
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 6944 mg/kg/16W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure,
acute tubular necrosis)
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight
REFERENCE :
DCTODJ Drug and Chemical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New
York, NY 10016) V.1- 1977/78- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,155,1985
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 9 gm/kg/16D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-361,1989
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 48750 mg/kg/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - changes in brain weight
Liver - changes in liver weight
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-361,1989
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 260 ppm/6H/6W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight
Endocrine - changes in spleen weight
Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight
REFERENCE :
AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf
Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year:
40,187,1979
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 12 gm/kg/12D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf
Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year:
40,187,1979
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 260 ppm/6H/6W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf
Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year:
40,187,1979
** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 10300 mg/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-361,1989
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 230 gm/kg/78W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
NCITR* National Cancer Institute Carcinogenesis Technical Report Series.
(Bethesda, MD) No.0-205. For publisher information, see NTPTR*.
Volume(issue)/page/year: NCI-TR-68,1978
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 460 gm/kg/78W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
NCITR* National Cancer Institute Carcinogenesis Technical Report Series.
(Bethesda, MD) No.0-205. For publisher information, see NTPTR*.
Volume(issue)/page/year: NCI-TR-68,1978
** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 5500 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 6-16 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured
before birth)
Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility
REFERENCE :
AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf
Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year:
40,187,1979
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 1 gm/kg
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 343,157,1995
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION : 330 mg/L
REFERENCE :
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E.
11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year:
10(Suppl 10),1,1987
*** REVIEWS ***
ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
ACGIH TLV-TWA 9.7 mg/m3 (1 ppm) (skin)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
IARC Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,467,1979
IARC Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,467,1979
IARC Cancer Review:Group 3
IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49
Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year:
7,56,1987
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf
Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year:
40(3),A46,1979
*** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS ***
MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 1 ppm (10 mg/m3) (skin)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
3,124,1971
OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 1 ppm (10 mg/m3) (skin)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1910.1000,1994
OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 1 ppm (10 mg/m3) (skin)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1926.55,1994
OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 1 ppm (10 mg/m3) (skin)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1915.1000,1993
OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 1 ppm (10 mg/m3) (skin)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
41,50-204.50,1994
*** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 10 ppm (100 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 1 ppm (9.7 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-DENMARK:TWA 1 ppm (10 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-FINLAND:TWA 1 ppm (10 mg/m3);STEL 3 ppm (30 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-FRANCE:TWA 10 ppm (100 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-GERMANY:TWA 1 ppm (10 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 1 ppm (10 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 1 ppm (10 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 1 ppm (10 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 5 mg/m3 (resp. dust) JAN 1993
OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 5 ppm (50 mg/m3) (vapor) JAN 1993
OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) :
NIOSH REL TO HEXACHLOROETHANE-air:8H CA TWA 1 ppm
REFERENCE :
NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 17385
No. of Facilities: 219 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 5
No. of Occupations: 9
No. of Employees: 1488 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - 17385
No. of Facilities: 170 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 12
No. of Occupations: 23
No. of Employees: 8516 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 576 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/limited: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Histidine reversion-Ames test; S
cerevisiae-homozygosis
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, PROPOSED RULE
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of
Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year:
47,27009,82
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 27, 1978
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Hydrocarbons, halogenated, 1003
NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (gavage);clear evidence:mouse
NCITR* National Cancer Institute Carcinogenesis Technical Report Series.
(Bethesda, MD) No.0-205. For publisher information, see NTPTR*.
Volume(issue)/page/year: NCI-TR-68,78
NTP Carcinogenesis Studies (gavage);clear evidence:rat
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-361,89
NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (gavage);no evidence:rat
NCITR* National Cancer Institute Carcinogenesis Technical Report Series.
(Bethesda, MD) No.0-205. For publisher information, see NTPTR*.
Volume(issue)/page/year: NCI-TR-68,78
NTP 7th Annual Report on Carcinogens, 1992 : anticipated to be carcinogen
NTP Toxicity studies, RPT# TOX-45, October 1997
*** END OF RECORD ***