*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***

RTECS NUMBER            : KI8575000
CHEMICAL NAME           : Ethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER     : 79-34-5
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. : 0969206
REFERENCE               : 4-01-00-00144 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
LAST UPDATED            : 199712
DATA ITEMS CITED        : 70
MOLECULAR FORMULA       : C2-H2-Cl4
MOLECULAR WEIGHT        : 167.84
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : GYGYGG
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR     : Agricultural Chemical
                          Tumorigen
                          Drug
                          Mutagen
                          Human
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
   * Acetylene tetrachloride
   * Bonoform
   * Cellon
   * 1,1,2,2-Czterochloroetan
   * 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-dichloroethane
   * NCI-C03554
   * RCRA waste number U209
   * TCE
   * 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloorethaan
   * 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloraethan
   * Tetrachlorethane
   * 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
   * 1,1,2,2-Tetrachlorethane
   * Tetrachloroethane
   * s-Tetrachloroethane
   * sym-Tetrachloroethane
   * 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
   * 1,1,2,2-Tetracloroetano
   * Tetrachlorure d'acetylene
   * Westron
 
                       *** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
 
                        ** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Human
DOSE/DURATION           : 30 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Behavioral - general anesthetic
REFERENCE :
   PCOC** Pesticide Chemicals Official Compendium, Association of the American
   Pesticide Control Officials, Inc., 1966.  (Topeka, KS)
   Volume(issue)/page/year: -,1110,1966
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Human
DOSE/DURATION           : 1000 mg/m3/30M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
   Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions
REFERENCE :
   AHBAAM Archiv fuer Hygiene und Bakteriologie.  (Munich, Fed. Rep. Ger.)
   V.101-154, 1929-71.  For publisher information, see ZHPMAT.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 116,131,1936
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 250 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   ZHYGAM Zeitschrift fuer die Gesamte Hygiene und Ihre Grenzgebiete.  (VEB
   Verlag Volk und Gesundheit, Neue Gruenstr. 18, Berlin DDR-1020, Ger. Dem.
   Rep.)  V.1-    1955-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,278,1977
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 1000 ppm/4H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology.  (Cambridge, MA)
   V.18-31, 1936-49.  For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,343,1949
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 4500 mg/m3/2H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   85GMAT "Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single
   Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects,
   GKNT, 1982  Volume(issue)/page/year: -,107,1982
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 821 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   SAIGBL Sangyo Igaku.  Japanese Journal of Industrial Health.  (Nippon Sangyo
   Eisei Igakkai, Kosu Eisei Bldg., 1-29-8, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160,
   Japan)  V.1-    1959-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,371,1966
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 1108 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Behavioral - sleep
   Behavioral - ataxia
REFERENCE :
   JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.  (Williams &
   Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202)  V.1-    1909/10-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 123,224,1958
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION           : 300 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal
   Behavioral - sleep
   Liver - fatty liver degeneration
REFERENCE :
   AJHYA2 American Journal of Hygiene.  (Baltimore, MD)  V.1-80, 1921-64.  For
   publisher information, see AJEPAS.  Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,325,1932
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION           : 50 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   QJPPAL Quarterly Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology.  (London, UK)  V.2-21,
   1929-48.  For publisher information, see JPPMAB.  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   7,205,1934
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION           : 19 gm/m3/45M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation
   Behavioral - general anesthetic
   Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands
REFERENCE :
   AHBAAM Archiv fuer Hygiene und Bakteriologie.  (Munich, Fed. Rep. Ger.)
   V.101-154, 1929-71.  For publisher information, see ZHPMAT.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 116,131,1936
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION           : 500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   QJPPAL Quarterly Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology.  (London, UK)  V.2-21,
   1929-48.  For publisher information, see JPPMAB.  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   7,205,1934
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION           : 500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Liver - fatty liver degeneration
REFERENCE :
   AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal.  (AIHA, 475 Wolf
   Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311)  V.19-    1958-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   35,21,1974
 
                 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 9480 mg/kg/6W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
   NCITR* National Cancer Institute Carcinogenesis Technical Report Series.
   (Bethesda, MD)  No.0-205. For publisher information, see NTPTR*.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: NCI-TR-27,1978
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 50 mg/m3/4H/6W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Brain and Coverings - recordings from specific areas of CNS
   Liver - changes in liver weight
   Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
REFERENCE :
   GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya.  Labor Hygiene and
   Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)
   V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 21(2),30,1977
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 16 gm/kg/40D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Behavioral - sleep
   Liver - fatty liver degeneration
   Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
   SAIGBL Sangyo Igaku.  Japanese Journal of Industrial Health.  (Nippon Sangyo
   Eisei Igakkai, Kosu Eisei Bldg., 1-29-8, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160,
   Japan)  V.1-    1959-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,371,1966
 
                          ** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 42 gm/kg/78W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
   Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
   NCITR* National Cancer Institute Carcinogenesis Technical Report Series.
   (Bethesda, MD)  No.0-205. For publisher information, see NTPTR*.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: NCI-TR-27,1978
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 55 gm/kg/78W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
   Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
   NCITR* National Cancer Institute Carcinogenesis Technical Report Series.
   (Bethesda, MD)  No.0-205. For publisher information, see NTPTR*.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: NCI-TR-27,1978
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 110 gm/kg/78W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
   Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
   NCITR* National Cancer Institute Carcinogenesis Technical Report Series.
   (Bethesda, MD)  No.0-205. For publisher information, see NTPTR*.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: NCI-TR-27,1978
 
                            ** MUTATION DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION           : 10 ug/plate
REFERENCE :
   TECSDY Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry.  (Gordon & Breach Science
   Pub. Inc., 1 Park Ave., New York, NY 10016)  V.3(3/4)-    1981-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,101,1987
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION           : 14768 umol/L
REFERENCE :
   EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis.  (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E.
   11th St., New York, NY 10003)  V.10-    1987-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   19,98,1992
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA repair
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION           : 15866 ug/plate
REFERENCE :
   CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
   Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106)  V.1-    1941-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   34,2576,1974
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TEST SYSTEM             : Mold - Aspergillus nidulans
DOSE/DURATION           : 200 ppm
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 201,401,1988
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM             : Human HeLa cell
DOSE/DURATION           : 6 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
   CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House,
   Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK)  V.1-    1980-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,2389,1992
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 200 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 343,157,1995
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION           : 56 mg/L
REFERENCE :
   EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis.  (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E.
   11th St., New York, NY 10003)  V.10-    1987-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   10(Suppl 10),1,1987

                              *** REVIEWS ***
 
   ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen
   DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
   (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
   Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   TLV/BEI,1997

   ACGIH TLV-TWA 6.9 mg/m3 (1 ppm) (skin)
   DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
   (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
   Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   TLV/BEI,1997

   IARC Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence
   IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
   to Man.  (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
   V.1-    1972-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,477,1979

   IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence
   IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement.  (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49
   Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)  No.1-    1979-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   7,354,1987

   IARC Cancer Review:Group 3
   IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement.  (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49
   Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)  No.1-    1979-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   7,354,1987

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal.  (AIHA, 475 Wolf
   Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311)  V.19-    1958-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   40(3),A46,1979

                    *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS ***
 
   MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 5 ppm (35 mg/m3) (skin)
   DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
   (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
   Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   3,249,1971

   OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 5 ppm (35 mg/m3) (skin)
   CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
   of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   29,1910.1000,1994

   OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 5 ppm (35 mg/m3) (skin)
   CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
   of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   29,1926.55,1994

   OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 5 ppm (35 mg/m3) (skin)
   CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
   of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   29,1915.1000,1993

   OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 5 ppm (35 mg/m3) (skin)
   CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
   of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   41,50-204.50,1994

                    *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
 
   OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 1 ppm (7 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
   
   OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 1 ppm (7 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
   
   OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 1 ppm (6.9 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
   
   OEL-DENMARK:TWA 1 ppm (7 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
   
   OEL-FINLAND:TWA 1 ppm (7 mg/m3);STEL 3 ppm (21 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
   
   OEL-FRANCE:TWA 1 ppm (7 mg/m3);STEL 5 ppm (35 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-GERMANY:TWA 1 ppm (7 mg/m3);Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993
   
   OEL-JAPAN:TWA 1 ppm (6.9 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
   
   OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 1 ppm (7 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
   
   OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 5 ppm (35 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
   
   OEL-POLAND:TWA 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993
   
   OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 1 ppm JAN 1993
   
   OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 1 ppm (7 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
   
   OEL-TURKEY:TWA 5 ppm (35 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
   
   OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV

         *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***

NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) :
   NIOSH REL TO 1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE-air:10H CA TWA 1 ppm
REFERENCE :
   NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of
   Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992

NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
   NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
     NOHS Hazard Code - 71460
       No. of Facilities: 244 (estimated)
       No. of Industries: 8
       No. of Occupations: 15
       No. of Employees: 7044 (estimated)
   
   NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
     NOES Hazard Code - 71460
       No. of Facilities: 501 (estimated)
       No. of Industries: 2
       No. of Occupations: 10
       No. of Employees: 4145 (estimated)
       No. of Female Employees: 926 (estimated)

                          *** STATUS IN U.S. ***
 
   ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE
   NTIS** National Technical Information Service.  (Springfield, VA 22161)
   Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: PB/90/182148/AS

   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: E coli polA without S9; S cerevisiae
   gene conversion
   
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae-homozygosis; S
   cerevisiae-reversion
   
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/limited: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
   
   EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
   
   EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
   
   On EPA IRIS database
   
   EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
   
   NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 27, 1978
   
   NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane, 1019
   
   NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (gavage);clear evidence:mouse
   NCITR* National Cancer Institute Carcinogenesis Technical Report Series.
   (Bethesda, MD)  No.0-205. For publisher information, see NTPTR*.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: NCI-TR-27,78

   NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (gavage);equivocal evidence:rat
   NCITR* National Cancer Institute Carcinogenesis Technical Report Series.
   (Bethesda, MD)  No.0-205. For publisher information, see NTPTR*.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: NCI-TR-27,78

   NTP Toxicity studies, RPT# TOX-45, October 1997
   
   NTP Carcinogenesis studies; on test (prechronic studies), October 1997
   
   NTP Carcinogenesis studies; test completed (peer review), October 1997

 
                            *** END OF RECORD ***