*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***

RTECS NUMBER            : KJ2975000
CHEMICAL NAME           : Ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER     : 71-55-6
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. : 1731614
REFERENCE               : 4-01-00-00138 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
LAST UPDATED            : 199712
DATA ITEMS CITED        : 89
MOLECULAR FORMULA       : C2-H3-Cl3
MOLECULAR WEIGHT        : 133.40
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : GXGG1
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR     : Agricultural Chemical
                          Tumorigen
                          Mutagen
                          Reproductive Effector
                          Human
                          Primary Irritant
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
   * Aerothene TT
   * CF 2
   * Chloroform, methyl-
   * Chlorothene
   * Chloroethene (inhibited)
   * Chlorothene NU
   * Chlorothene SM
   * Chlorothene VG
   * Chlorten
   * Ethana NU
   * F 140a
   * HCC 140a
   * ICI-CF 2
   * Inhibisol
   * Methylchloroform
   * Methyl chloroform
   * Methyltrichloromethane
   * NCI-C04626
   * RCRA waste number U226
   * Solvent 111
   * alpha-T
   * Tafclean
   * 1,1,1-TCE
   * 1,1,1-Trichloorethaan
   * 1,1,1-Trichloraethan
   * Trichloroethane
   * Trichloro-1,1,1-ethane
   * alpha-Trichloroethane
   * 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
   * 1,1,1-Tricloroetano
   * Trichloromethylmethane
 
                       *** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
 
                      ** SKIN/EYE IRRITATION DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION           : 450 ppm/8H
REFERENCE :
   BJIMAG British Journal of Industrial Medicine.  (British Medical Journal,
   Box 560B, Kennebunkport, ME 04046)  V.1-    1944-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   28,286,1971
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION           : 5 gm/12D (Intermittent)
REACTION SEVERITY       : Mild
REFERENCE :
   AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal.  (AIHA, 475 Wolf
   Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311)  V.19-    1958-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   19,353,1958
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION           : 20 mg/24H
REACTION SEVERITY       : Moderate
REFERENCE :
   85JCAE "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J.,
   Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986  Volume(issue)/page/year: -,94,1986
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 mg
REACTION SEVERITY       : Mild
REFERENCE :
   AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal.  (AIHA, 475 Wolf
   Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311)  V.19-    1958-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   19,353,1958
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION           : 2 mg/24H
REACTION SEVERITY       : Severe
REFERENCE :
   85JCAE "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J.,
   Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986  Volume(issue)/page/year: -,94,1986
 
                        ** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION           : 350 ppm
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions
   Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
   Behavioral - changes in psychophysiological tests
REFERENCE :
   WEHRBJ Work, Environment, Health.  (Helsinki, Finland)  V.1-11, 1962-74. For
   publisher information, see SWEHDO.  Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,82,1973
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Human
DOSE/DURATION           : 670 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
   Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
   Gastrointestinal - other changes
REFERENCE :
   NTIS** National Technical Information Service.  (Springfield, VA 22161)
   Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: PB257-185
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Human
DOSE/DURATION           : 920 ppm/70M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
   Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - conjunctive irritation
REFERENCE :
   AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal.  (AIHA, 475 Wolf
   Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311)  V.19-    1958-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   19,353,1958
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION           : 200 ppm/4H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
   Behavioral - irritability
REFERENCE :
   ATSUDG Archives of Toxicology, Supplement.  (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.,
   Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094)  No.1-    1978-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,96,1982
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 9600 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Cardiac - pulse rate
   Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
   GNAMAP Gigiena Naselennykh Mest.  Hygiene in Populated Places. (Izdatel'stvo
   Zdorov'ya, Kiev, USSR) V.7-    1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,45,1990
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 18000 ppm/4H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   28ZPAK "Sbornik Vysledku Toxixologickeho Vysetreni Latek A Pripravku,"
   Marhold, J.V., Institut Pro Vychovu Vedoucicn Pracovniku Chemickeho Prumyclu
   Praha, Czechoslovakia, 1972  Volume(issue)/page/year: -,28,1972
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 3593 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   ENVRAL Environmental Research.  (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St.,
   Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-    1967-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,411,1986
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 6 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Cardiac - pulse rate
   Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
   GNAMAP Gigiena Naselennykh Mest.  Hygiene in Populated Places. (Izdatel'stvo
   Zdorov'ya, Kiev, USSR) V.7-    1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,45,1990
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 3911 ppm/2H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Behavioral - excitement
REFERENCE :
   SAIGBL Sangyo Igaku.  Japanese Journal of Industrial Health.  (Nippon Sangyo
   Eisei Igakkai, Kosu Eisei Bldg., 1-29-8, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160,
   Japan)  V.1-    1959-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,226,1971
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 2568 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   SAIGBL Sangyo Igaku.  Japanese Journal of Industrial Health.  (Nippon Sangyo
   Eisei Igakkai, Kosu Eisei Bldg., 1-29-8, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160,
   Japan)  V.1-    1959-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,371,1966
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 16 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Behavioral - sleep
   Behavioral - ataxia
REFERENCE :
   JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.  (Williams &
   Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202)  V.1-    1909/10-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 123,224,1958
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION           : 750 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   FMCHA2 Farm Chemicals Handbook.  (Meister Pub., 37841 Euclid Ave.,
   Willoughy, OH 44094)  Volume(issue)/page/year: -,C310,1991
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION           : 3100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Liver - liver function tests impaired
REFERENCE :
   TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.  (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
   First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-    1959-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   10,119,1967
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION           : 95 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   HBTXAC "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co.,
   1956-59  Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,72,1959
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LC - Lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Primate - monkey
DOSE/DURATION           : >5000 ppm/7H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Behavioral - tremor
   Behavioral - ataxia
REFERENCE :
   AIHOAX Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine.  (Chicago,
   IL)  V.1-2(3), 1950.  For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,225,1950
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION           : 24400 mg/m3
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya.  For English translation, see HYSAAV.  (V/O
   Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)  V.1-    1936-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 35(8),127,1970
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION           : 5660 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal.  (AIHA, 475 Wolf
   Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311)  V.19-    1958-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   19,353,1958
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION           : 15800 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal.  (AIHA, 475 Wolf
   Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311)  V.19-    1958-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   19,353,1958
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION           : 500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   HBTXAC "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co.,
   1956-59  Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,72,1959
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION           : 9470 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal.  (AIHA, 475 Wolf
   Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311)  V.19-    1958-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   19,353,1958
 
                 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 10000 ppm/1H/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Liver - other changes
REFERENCE :
   AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal.  (AIHA, 475 Wolf
   Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311)  V.19-    1958-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   19,353,1958
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION           : 1000 ppm/1H/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Liver - other changes
REFERENCE :
   AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal.  (AIHA, 475 Wolf
   Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311)  V.19-    1958-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   19,353,1958
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION           : 3000 ppm/7H/29D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
   AIHOAX Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine.  (Chicago,
   IL)  V.1-2(3), 1950.  For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,225,1950
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION           : 650 ppm/7H/58D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
   AIHOAX Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine.  (Chicago,
   IL)  V.1-2(3), 1950.  For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,225,1950
 
                          ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 43 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 1-22 day(s) after conception
                          lactating female 21 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular
   (circulatory) system
REFERENCE :
   TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
   R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003)  V.1-    1968-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 29(2),25A,1984
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 2100 ppm/6H
SEX/DURATION            : female 1-20 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
   e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
   JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health.  (Hemisphere Pub.,
   1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005)  V.1-    1975/76-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,251,1982
 
                            ** MUTATION DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION           : 10 ug/plate
REFERENCE :
   TECSDY Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry.  (Gordon & Breach Science
   Pub. Inc., 1 Park Ave., New York, NY 10016)  V.3(3/4)-    1981-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,101,1987
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA repair
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION           : 500 mg/L
REFERENCE :
   PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
   Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017)  V.1-    1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   1,195,1981
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Morphological transformation
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat Embryo
DOSE/DURATION           : 99 umol/L
REFERENCE :
   ITCSAF In Vitro.  (Rockville, MD)  V.1-20, 1965-85.  For publisher
   information, see ICDBEO.  Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,290,1978
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION           : 31300 ug/L
REFERENCE :
   EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis.  (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E.
   11th St., New York, NY 10003)  V.10-    1987-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   12(Suppl 13),103,1988
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Morphological transformation
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse Embryo
DOSE/DURATION           : 20 mg/L
REFERENCE :
   CALEDQ Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland).  (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland
   Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland)  V.1-    1975- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   28,85,1985
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Morphological transformation
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - hamster Kidney
DOSE/DURATION           : 562 mg/L
REFERENCE :
   PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
   Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017)  V.1-    1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   1,626,1981
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Morphological transformation
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - hamster Embryo
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 uL/plate
REFERENCE :
   EVSRBT Environmental Science Research.  (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St.,
   New York, NY 10013) V.1-    1972-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,75,1982
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION           : 160 mg/L
REFERENCE :
   EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis.  (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E.
   11th St., New York, NY 10003)  V.10-    1987-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   10(Suppl 10),1,1987

                              *** REVIEWS ***
 
   ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen
   DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
   (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
   Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   TLV/BEI,1997

   ACGIH TLV-STEL 2460 mg/m3 (450 ppm)
   DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
   (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
   Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   TLV/BEI,1997

   ACGIH TLV-TWA 1910 mg/m3 (350 ppm)
   DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
   (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
   Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   TLV/BEI,1997

   IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence
   IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
   to Man.  (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
   V.1-    1972-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,515,1979

   IARC Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data
   IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
   to Man.  (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
   V.1-    1972-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,515,1979

   IARC Cancer Review:Group 3
   IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement.  (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49
   Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)  No.1-    1979-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   7,56,1987

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   FAZMAE Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung.  Progress in Drug Research.
   (Birkhauser Boston, Inc., c/o Springer-Verlag New York, 44 Hartz Way,
   Secaucus, NJ 07094)  V.1-    1959-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 18,365,1974

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   EATR** U.S. Army, Edgewood Arsenal Technical Report.  (Aberdeen Proving
   Ground, MD 21010)  Volume(issue)/page/year: EB-TR-75047

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal.  (AIHA, 475 Wolf
   Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311)  V.19-    1958-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   40(3),A46,1979

                    *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS ***
 
   EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION
   FEREAC Federal Register.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of
   Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1-    1936-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   54,7740,1989

   MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3)
   DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
   (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
   Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   3,161,1971

   OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3)
   CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
   of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   29,1910.1000,1994

   OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3)
   CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
   of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   29,1926.55,1994

   OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3)
   CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
   of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   29,1915.1000,1993

   OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3)
   CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
   of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   41,50-204.50,1994

                    *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
 
   OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 125 ppm (680 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 350 ppm (1910 mg/m3);STEL 450 ppm (2460 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-DENMARK:TWA 100 ppm (540 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-FINLAND:TWA 100 ppm (540 mg/m3);STEL 250 ppm (1400 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-FRANCE:TWA 300 ppm (1650 mg/m3);STEL 450 ppm (2500 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-GERMANY:TWA 200 ppm (1080 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 100 mg/m3;STEL 300 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
   
   OEL-JAPAN:TWA 200 ppm (1100 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 200 ppm (1080 mg/m3);STEL 500 ppm JAN 1993
   
   OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 200 ppm;STEL 20 mg/m3 JAN 1993
   
   OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 50 ppm (300 mg/m3);STEL 90 ppm (500 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 200 ppm (1080 mg/m3);STEL 1000 ppm JAN 1993
   
   OEL-TURKEY:TWA 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 350 ppm (1900 mg/m3);STEL 450 ppm JAN 1993
   
   OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
   
   OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV

         *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***

NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) :
   NIOSH REL TO 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE-air:CL 350 ppm/15M
REFERENCE :
   NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of
   Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992

NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
   NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
     NOHS Hazard Code - 46970
       No. of Facilities: 109850 (estimated)
       No. of Industries: 412
       No. of Occupations: 205
       No. of Employees: 1511801 (estimated)
   
   NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
     NOES Hazard Code - 46970
       No. of Facilities: 120527 (estimated)
       No. of Industries: 417
       No. of Occupations: 243
       No. of Employees: 2528300 (estimated)
       No. of Female Employees: 762399 (estimated)

                          *** STATUS IN U.S. ***
 
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat embryo
   
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse
   
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; Mammalian
   micronucleus
   
   EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
   
   EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE
   FEREAC Federal Register.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of
   Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1-    1936-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   47,26992,82

   EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
   
   On EPA IRIS database
   
   EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
   
   NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 27, 1978
   
   NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Hydrocarbons, halogenated, 1003
   
   NIOSH Analytical Method, 1996: Volatile organic compound, 2549
   
   NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (gavage);inadequate studies:mouse,rat
   NCITR* National Cancer Institute Carcinogenesis Technical Report Series.
   (Bethesda, MD)  No.0-205. For publisher information, see NTPTR*.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: NCI-TR-3,77

   NTP Toxicity studies, RPT# TOX-45, October 1997
   
   NTP Carcinogenesis studies; test completed (peer review), October 1997
   
   OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #14

 
                            *** END OF RECORD ***