*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : KN0875000
CHEMICAL NAME : Ether, bis(2-chloroethyl)
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 111-44-4
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. : 0605317
REFERENCE : 4-01-00-01375 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
LAST UPDATED : 199712
DATA ITEMS CITED : 57
MOLECULAR FORMULA : C4-H8-Cl2-O
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 143.02
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : G2O2G
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Agricultural Chemical
Tumorigen
Mutagen
Primary Irritant
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* Bis(beta-chloroethyl) ether
* Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
* Chlorex
* 1-Chloro-2-(beta-chloroethoxy)ethane
* Chloroethyl ether
* Clorex
* DCEE
* 2,2'-Dichloorethylether
* 2,2'-Dichlor-diaethylaether
* 2,2'-Dichlorethyl ether
* beta,beta-Dichlorodiethyl ether
* Dichloroether
* Dichloroethyl ether
* Di(beta-chloroethyl)ether
* Di(2-chloroethyl) ether
* beta,beta'-Dichloroethyl ether
* sym-Dichloroethyl ether
* 2,2'-Dichloroethyl ether
* Dichloroethyl ether
* Dichloroethyl oxide
* 2,2'-Dicloroetiletere
* Dwuchlorodwuetylowy eter
* ENT 4,504
* Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis(2-chloro-
* Ether dichlore
* 1,1'-Oxybis(2-chloro)ethane
* Oxyde de chlorethyle
* RCRA waste number U025
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** SKIN/EYE IRRITATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Open irritation test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg/24H
REFERENCE :
JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA)
V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 30,63,1948
TYPE OF TEST : Open irritation test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 500 mg
REACTION SEVERITY : Mild
REFERENCE :
UCDS** Union Carbide Data Sheet. (Union Carbide Corp., 39 Old Ridgebury
Rd., Danbury, CT 06817) Volume(issue)/page/year: 12/29/1971
TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg
REACTION SEVERITY : Severe
REFERENCE :
AJOPAA American Journal of Ophthalmology. (Ophthalmic Pub. Co., 435 N.
Michigan Ave., Suite 1415, Chicago, IL 60611) Series 3: V.1- 1918-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1363,1946
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 75 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA)
V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 30,63,1948
TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 330 mg/m3/4H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
85GMAT "Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single
Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects,
GKNT, 1982 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,45,1982
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 209 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - ptosis
Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands
Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
REFERENCE :
ATDAEI Acute Toxicity Data. Journal of the American College of Toxicology,
Part B. (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 1651 Third Ave., New York, NY 10128) V.1-
1990- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,163,1992
TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 650 mg/m3/2H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
85GMAT "Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single
Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects,
GKNT, 1982 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,45,1982
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 126 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
38MKAJ "Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology," 3rd rev. ed., Clayton,
G.D., and F.E. Clayton, eds., New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1978-82.
Vol. 3 originally pub. in 1979; pub. as 2nd rev. ed. in 1985.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 2A,2518,1981
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 90 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
38MKAJ "Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology," 3rd rev. ed., Clayton,
G.D., and F.E. Clayton, eds., New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1978-82.
Vol. 3 originally pub. in 1979; pub. as 2nd rev. ed. in 1985.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 2A,2518,1981
TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 500 ppm/1H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
85JCAE "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J.,
Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,541,1986
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 300 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA)
V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 30,63,1948
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION : 112 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 39(4),86,1974
** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 33 gm/kg/79W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease
REFERENCE :
JNCIAM Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.1-60,
1940-78. For publisher information, see JJIND8. Volume(issue)/page/year:
42,1101,1969
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 2400 mg/kg/60W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
REFERENCE :
JNCIAM Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.1-60,
1940-78. For publisher information, see JJIND8. Volume(issue)/page/year:
48,1431,1972
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 1457 mg/plate
REFERENCE :
DHEFDK HEW Publication (FDA. United States). (Washington, DC) ?-1979(?).
For publisher information, see HPFSDS. Volume(issue)/page/year:
FDA-78-1046,1978
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 1 mg/plate
REFERENCE :
ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For
publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 8(Suppl
7),1,1986
TYPE OF TEST : Specific locus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
TEST SYSTEM : Insect - Drosophila melanogaster
DOSE/DURATION : 10500 ppm
REFERENCE :
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E.
11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year:
23,51,1994
*** REVIEWS ***
ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
ACGIH TLV-STEL 58 mg/m3 (10 ppm) (skin)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
ACGIH TLV-TWA 29 mg/m3 (5 ppm)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
IARC Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,117,1975
IARC Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,117,1975
IARC Cancer Review:Group 3
IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49
Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year:
7,56,1987
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
85CVA2 "Oncology 1970, Proceedings of the Tenth International Cancer
Congress," Chicago, Year Book Medical Pub., 1971 Volume(issue)/page/year:
5,250,1970
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
BNYMAM Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine. (New York Academy of
Medicine, 2 E. 103rd St., New York, NY 10029) Ser 2: V.1- 1925-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,413,1978
*** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS ***
MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 5 ppm (30 mg/m3) (skin)
DTLWS* "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in
Workroom Air," Supplements. For publisher information, see 85INA8.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,16,1973
OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):CL 15 ppm (90 mg/m3) (skin)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1910.1000,1994
OSHA PEL (Construc):CL 15 ppm (90 mg/m3) (skin)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1926.55,1994
OSHA PEL (Shipyard):CL 15 ppm (90 mg/m3) (skin)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1915.1000,1993
OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):CL 15 ppm (90 mg/m3) (skin)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
41,50-204.50,1994
*** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 5 ppm (30 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (60 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 10 ppm (60 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 5 ppm (29 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (58 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-DENMARK:TWA 5 ppm (30 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-FINLAND:TWA 5 ppm (30 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (60 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-FRANCE:TWA 5 ppm (30 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-GERMANY:TWA 10 ppm (60 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-JAPAN:TWA 15 ppm (88 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 5 ppm (30 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 15 ppm (90 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-POLAND:TWA 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.6 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 15 ppm;STEL 2 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-SWEDEN;Carcinogen JAN 1993
OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 5 ppm (30 mg/m3);STEL 25 ppm (50 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-THAILAND:TWA 15 ppm (90 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-TURKEY:TWA 15 ppm (90 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) :
NIOSH REL TO DICHLOROETHYLETHER-air:CA TWA 5 ppm (Sk);STEL 10 ppm
REFERENCE :
NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 84164
No. of Facilities: 21 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 1
No. of Occupations: 2
No. of Employees: 41 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161)
Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
Volume(issue)/page/year: PB/90/168683/AS
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Dichloroethyl ether, 1004
*** END OF RECORD ***