*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : LQ4900000
CHEMICAL NAME : Formic acid
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 64-18-6
LAST UPDATED : 199712
DATA ITEMS CITED : 64
MOLECULAR FORMULA : C-H2-O2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 46.03
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : VHQ
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Tumorigen
Mutagen
Human
Primary Irritant
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* Acide formique
* Acido formico
* Ameisensaeure
* Aminic acid
* Formic acid
* Formylic acid
* Hydrogen carboxylic acid
* Kwas metaniowy
* Kyselina mravenci
* Methanoic acid
* Mierenzuur
* RCRA waste number U123
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** SKIN/EYE IRRITATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Open irritation test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 610 mg
REACTION SEVERITY : Mild
REFERENCE :
UCDS** Union Carbide Data Sheet. (Union Carbide Corp., 39 Old Ridgebury
Rd., Danbury, CT 06817) Volume(issue)/page/year: 8/5/1968
TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 122 mg
REACTION SEVERITY : Severe
REFERENCE :
UCDS** Union Carbide Data Sheet. (Union Carbide Corp., 39 Old Ridgebury
Rd., Danbury, CT 06817) Volume(issue)/page/year: 8/5/1968
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION : 2200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - sputum
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - hematuria
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - metabolic acidosis
REFERENCE :
JTCTDW Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270
Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.19- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year:
32,199,1994
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION : 7300 ug/m3/8H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition
REFERENCE :
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000
Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year:
66,522,1992
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION : 2440 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Vascular - shock
Blood - other hemolysis with or without anemia
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - metabolic acidosis
REFERENCE :
AJEMEN American Journal of Emergency Medicine. (WB Saunders, Philadelphia,
PA) V.1- 1983- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,286,1989
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 1100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
REFERENCE :
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and
Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)
V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
Volume(issue)/page/year: 23(12),49,1979
TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 15 gm/m3/15M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
REFERENCE :
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and
Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)
V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
Volume(issue)/page/year: 23(12),49,1979
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 700 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
REFERENCE :
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and
Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)
V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
Volume(issue)/page/year: 23(12),49,1979
TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 6200 mg/m3/15M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
REFERENCE :
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and
Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)
V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
Volume(issue)/page/year: 23(12),49,1979
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 940 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
IGIBA5 Igiena. (Bucharest, Romania) V.5-23, 1956-74(?). For publisher
information, see RABIDH. Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,507,1962
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 145 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
ZERNAL Zeitschrift fuer Ernaehrungswissenschaft. (Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff
Verlag, Postfach 111008, D-6100 Darmstadt 11, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1960-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,332,1969
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 4 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AMIHAB AMA Archives of Industrial Health. (Chicago, IL) V.11-21, 1955-60.
For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,517,1959
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 3 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
HBTXAC "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co.,
1956-59 Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,146,1955
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 239 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
HBTXAC "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co.,
1956-59 Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,146,1955
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 22680 mg/kg/9W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - food intake (animal)
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams &
Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,463,1921
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 500 ppm/6H/12D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise
specified
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NIH-92-3342
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 64 ppm/6H/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - changes in lung weight
Liver - changes in liver weight
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - phosphatases
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NIH-92-3342
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 50 mg/m3/16W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - recordings from specific areas of CNS
Liver - liver function tests impaired
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - proteinuria
REFERENCE :
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and
Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)
V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
Volume(issue)/page/year: 19(12),49,1975
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 500 ppm/6H/12D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise
specified
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NIH-92-3342
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 64 ppm/6H/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NIH-92-3342
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 70 ppm/3H
REFERENCE :
AMNTA4 American Naturalist. (Univ. of Chicago Press, Journals Div., POB
37005, Chicago, IL 60637) V.1- 1867- Volume(issue)/page/year:
85,119,1951
TYPE OF TEST : Phage inhibition capacity
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
MDMIAZ Medycyna Doswiadczalna i Mikrobiologia. For English translation, see
EXMMAV. (Ars Polona, POB 1001, 00-068 Warsaw 1, Poland) V.1- 1949-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,11,1979
TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
TEST SYSTEM : Insect - Drosophila melanogaster
DOSE/DURATION : 1000 ppm/24H
REFERENCE :
THAGA6 Theoretical & Applied Genetics. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.,
Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.38- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,330,1969
TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Insect - Drosophila melanogaster
DOSE/DURATION : 1000 ppm
REFERENCE :
THAGA6 Theoretical & Applied Genetics. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.,
Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.38- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,330,1969
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM : Non-mammalian species Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
CAANAT Comptes Rendus de l'Association des Anatomistes. (Nancy, France)
V.1-56, 1899-1972. For publisher information, see ANOBAU.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 56,712,1972
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Non-mammalian species Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
CAANAT Comptes Rendus de l'Association des Anatomistes. (Nancy, France)
V.1-56, 1899-1972. For publisher information, see ANOBAU.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 56,712,1972
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 10 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 279,75,1992
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION : 10 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 240,195,1990
*** REVIEWS ***
ACGIH TLV-STEL 19 mg/m3 (10 ppm)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
ACGIH TLV-TWA 9.4 mg/m3 (5 ppm)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
AMIHAB AMA Archives of Industrial Health. (Chicago, IL) V.11-21, 1955-60.
For publisher information, see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,517,1959
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000
Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year:
39,299,1978
*** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS ***
MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
3,119,1971
OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1910.1000,1994
OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1926.55,1994
OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1915.1000,1993
OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
41,50-204.50,1994
*** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 5 ppm (9.4 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-DENMARK:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-FINLAND:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (18 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-FRANCE:STEL 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-GERMANY:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 5 mg/m3;STEL 8 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-JAPAN:TWA 5 ppm (9.4 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 5 ppm;STEL 1 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (18 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 5 ppm (9 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) :
NIOSH REL TO FORMIC ACID-air:10H TWA 5 ppm
REFERENCE :
NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 33720
No. of Facilities: 3537 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 59
No. of Occupations: 48
No. of Employees: 34087 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - 33720
No. of Facilities: 6368 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 95
No. of Occupations: 77
No. of Employees: 158933 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 37338 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Formic acid, 2011
NTP Toxicity studies, RPT# TOX-19, October 1997
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID-112
*** END OF RECORD ***