*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : LQ0525000
CHEMICAL NAME : Formamide
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 75-12-7
LAST UPDATED : 199712
DATA ITEMS CITED : 42
MOLECULAR FORMULA : C-H3-N-O
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 45.05
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : ZVH
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Tumorigen
Mutagen
Reproductive Effector
Primary Irritant
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* Amid kyseliny mravenci
* Carbamaldehyde
* Formamide
* Formimidic acid
* Methanamide
* Methanoic acid, amide
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** SKIN/EYE IRRITATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg
REACTION SEVERITY : Severe
REFERENCE :
AJOPAA American Journal of Ophthalmology. (Ophthalmic Pub. Co., 435 N.
Michigan Ave., Suite 1415, Chicago, IL 60611) Series 3: V.1- 1918-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1363,1946
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 5577 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Autonomic Nervous System - other (direct) parasympathomimetic
Behavioral - ataxia
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - incontinence
REFERENCE :
TPKVAL Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv.
Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation,
see TNICS*. (Izdatel'stvo Meditsina, Moscow, USSR) No.1- 1961-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,163,1967
TYPE OF TEST : LD - Lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : >13500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
PJPPAA Polish Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacy. (ARS Polona, POB 1001,
00-068 Warsaw 1, Poland) V.25- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year:
32,223,1980
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 5700 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
26,596,1973
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : >4 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
APEPA2 Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archiv fuer Pharmakologie und Experimentelle
Pathologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.254-263, 1966-69. For publisher information,
see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 257,296,1967
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 3 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
EXPEAM Experientia. (Birkhaeuser Verlag, POB 133, CH-4010 Basel,
Switzerland) V.1- 1945- Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,225,1973
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 3150 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
TPKVAL Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv.
Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation,
see TNICS*. (Izdatel'stvo Meditsina, Moscow, USSR) No.1- 1961-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,86,1969
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 2450 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und
Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher
information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 230,559,1957
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 1500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig,
Ger. Dem. Rep.) Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,1289,1935
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 6 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
PJPPAA Polish Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacy. (ARS Polona, POB 1001,
00-068 Warsaw 1, Poland) V.25- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year:
32,223,1980
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 1250 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Autonomic Nervous System - other (direct) parasympathomimetic
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
REFERENCE :
TPKVAL Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv.
Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation,
see TNICS*. (Izdatel'stvo Meditsina, Moscow, USSR) No.1- 1961-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,163,1967
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Amphibian - frog
DOSE/DURATION : 30 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig,
Ger. Dem. Rep.) Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,1289,1935
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION : 3150 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 39(4),86,1974
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 910 mg/kg/26W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - recordings from specific areas of CNS
Liver - liver function tests impaired
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - proteinuria
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 52(3),72,1987
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 1500 ppm/6H/2W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count
Blood - changes in platelet count
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
13,702,1989
** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 2 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 7 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
85DJA5 "Malformations Congenitales des Mammiferes," Tuchmann-Duplessis, H.,
Paris, Masson et Cie, 1971 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,95,1971
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 7980 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 7-12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
85DJA5 "Malformations Congenitales des Mammiferes," Tuchmann-Duplessis, H.,
Paris, Masson et Cie, 1971 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,95,1971
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 1200 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10-11 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
41,35,1977
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE : 910 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 6-18 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag,
Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 30,1557,1980
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM : Non-mammalian species Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 500 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
CAANAT Comptes Rendus de l'Association des Anatomistes. (Nancy, France)
V.1-56, 1899-1972. For publisher information, see ANOBAU.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 56,712,1972
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Non-mammalian species Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 500 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
CAANAT Comptes Rendus de l'Association des Anatomistes. (Nancy, France)
V.1-56, 1899-1972. For publisher information, see ANOBAU.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 56,712,1972
*** REVIEWS ***
ACGIH TLV-TWA 18 mg/m3 (10 ppm) (skin)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
*** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 10 ppm (15 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-DENMARK:TWA 20 ppm (30 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-FINLAND:TWA 20 ppm (37 mg/m3);STEL 30 ppm (55 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-FRANCE:TWA 20 ppm (30 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 20 ppm (30 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 3 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 20 ppm (37 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 20 ppm (30 mg/m3);STEL 30 ppm (45 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) :
NIOSH REL TO FORMAMIDE-air:10H TWA 10 ppm (Sk)
REFERENCE :
NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 84454
No. of Facilities: 227 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 6
No. of Occupations: 14
No. of Employees: 3195 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - 84454
No. of Facilities: 42 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 3
No. of Occupations: 5
No. of Employees: 2724 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 556 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat embryo
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of
Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year:
47,26992,82
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
NTP Carcinogenesis studies; on test (prechronic studies), October 1997
*** END OF RECORD ***