*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : LT7000000
CHEMICAL NAME : 2-Furaldehyde
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 98-01-1
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. : 0105755
REFERENCE : 5-17-09-00292 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
LAST UPDATED : 199801
DATA ITEMS CITED : 88
MOLECULAR FORMULA : C5-H4-O2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 96.09
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : T5OJ BVH
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Tumorigen
Mutagen
Human
Primary Irritant
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* Artificial ant oil
* Artificial oil of ants
* 2-Formylfuran
* 2-Formylofuran
* Fural
* Furale
* 2-Furanaldehyde
* 2-Furancarbonal
* 2-Furancarboxaldehyde
* 2-Furankarbaldehyd
* Furfural
* 2-Furfural
* Furfural
* Furfuraldehyde
* Furfurale
* Furfurol
* Furfurole
* 2-Furil-metanale
* Furole
* alpha-Furole
* 2-Furylaldehyde
* 2-Furylcarboxaldehyde
* 2-Furyl-methanal
* NCI-C56177
* Pyromucic aldehyde
* RCRA waste number U125
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** SKIN/EYE IRRITATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 20 mg/24H
REACTION SEVERITY : Moderate
REFERENCE :
85JCAE "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J.,
Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,788,1986
TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 500 mg/24H
REACTION SEVERITY : Mild
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For
publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,759,1978
TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/24H
REACTION SEVERITY : Moderate
REFERENCE :
85JCAE "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J.,
Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,788,1986
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 310 ug/m3
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 26(6),3,1961
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 65 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
BCTKAG Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna. (Ars Polona, POB 1001, 00-068
Warsaw 1, Poland) V.4- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,371,1980
TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 175 ppm/6H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf
Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year:
50,A359,1989
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 20 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For
publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,759,1978
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 148 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
REFERENCE :
34ZIAG "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York,
Academic Press, Inc., 1969 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,279,1969
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 400 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - active as anti-cancer agent
REFERENCE :
BIJOAK Biochemical Journal. (Biochemical Soc. Book Depot, POB 32, Commerce
Way, Colchester, Essex CO2 8HP, UK) V.1- 1906- Volume(issue)/page/year:
34,1196,1940
TYPE OF TEST : LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 370 ppm/6H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
34ZIAG "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York,
Academic Press, Inc., 1969 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,279,1969
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 102 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For
publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,759,1978
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 119 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For
publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,759,1978
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 152 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For
publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,759,1978
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 950 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Behavioral - ataxia
Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
REFERENCE :
34ZIAG "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York,
Academic Press, Inc., 1969 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,279,1969
TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 370 ppm/6H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
34ZIAG "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York,
Academic Press, Inc., 1969 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,279,1969
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 214 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For
publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,759,1978
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 250 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For
publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,759,1978
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 800 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia
(usually neuromuscular blockage)
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation)
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation
REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams &
Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,65,1923
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 620 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For
publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,759,1978
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
HYSAAV Hygiene and Sanitation (USSR). English translation of GISAAA.
(Springfield, VA) 1964-71. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year:
32(5),158,1967
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 78 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For
publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,759,1978
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 541 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure,
acute tubular necrosis)
Blood - hemorrhage
REFERENCE :
HYSAAV Hygiene and Sanitation (USSR). English translation of GISAAA.
(Springfield, VA) 1964-71. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year:
32(5),158,1967
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For
publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,759,1978
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Amphibian - frog
DOSE/DURATION : 23 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams &
Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,65,1923
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 91 mg/kg/14D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - other Enzymes
REFERENCE :
BCTKAG Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna. (Ars Polona, POB 1001, 00-068
Warsaw 1, Poland) V.4- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,241,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 200 mg/m3/5H/12W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Autonomic Nervous System - sympathomimetic
Endocrine - other changes
REFERENCE :
BCTKAG Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna. (Ars Polona, POB 1001, 00-068
Warsaw 1, Poland) V.4- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,403,1978
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 10140 ug/m3/24H/60D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - true cholinesterase
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 26(6),3,1961
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 500 mg/m3/4H/4W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in both tubules and glomeruli
REFERENCE :
AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health. (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St.,
NW, Washington, DC 20016) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year:
7,574,1963
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 75 mg/kg/6W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure,
acute tubular necrosis)
Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells
Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count
REFERENCE :
AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health. (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St.,
NW, Washington, DC 20016) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year:
7,574,1963
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 33 mg/kg/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure,
acute tubular necrosis)
Blood - normocytic anemia
Blood - leukopenia
REFERENCE :
AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health. (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St.,
NW, Washington, DC 20016) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year:
7,574,1963
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 4800 mg/kg/16D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-382,1990
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 4875 mg/kg/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-382,1990
** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 30900 mg/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR,382,1990
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 90125 mg/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR,382,1990
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 8094 ug/plate
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,205,1978
TYPE OF TEST : DNA repair
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Bacillus subtilis
DOSE/DURATION : 1700 ug/disc
REFERENCE :
DFSCDX Developments in Food Science. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1978- Volume(issue)/page/year:
13,353,1986
TYPE OF TEST : Specific locus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Insect - Drosophila melanogaster
DOSE/DURATION : 5000 ppm
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 280,75,1992
TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
TEST SYSTEM : Insect - Drosophila melanogaster
DOSE/DURATION : 100 ppm
REFERENCE :
ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For
publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,677,1985
TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Insect - Drosophila melanogaster
DOSE/DURATION : 5000 ppm
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 280,75,1992
TYPE OF TEST : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Insect - Drosophila melanogaster
DOSE/DURATION : 5000 ppm
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 280,75,1992
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Human HeLa cell
DOSE/DURATION : 3 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House,
Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,2389,1992
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 70 umol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 156,233,1985
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 343,157,1995
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in mammalian somatic cells
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 200 mg/L
REFERENCE :
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E.
11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year:
11,91,1988
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Lung
DOSE/DURATION : 1 gm/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 227,117,1989
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Lung
DOSE/DURATION : 1 gm/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 227,117,1989
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION : 2500 umol/L
REFERENCE :
CALEDQ Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland). (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland
Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1975- Volume(issue)/page/year:
13,89,1981
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION : 11700 ug/L
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR,382,1990
*** REVIEWS ***
ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
ACGIH TLV-TWA 7.9 mg/m3 (2 ppm) (skin)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
IARC Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 63,409,1995
IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 63,409,1995
IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 63,409,1995
*** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS ***
EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of
Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year:
54,7740,1989
MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) (skin)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
3,120,1971
OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) (skin)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1910.1000,1994
OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) (skin)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1926.55,1994
OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) (skin)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1915.1000,1993
OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) (skin)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
41,50-204.50,1994
*** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 2 ppm (8 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 2 ppm (7.9 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-DENMARK:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-FINLAND:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (40 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-FRANCE:STEL 2 ppm (8 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-GERMANY:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-JAPAN:TWA 2.5 ppm (9.8 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 2 ppm (8 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-POLAND:TWA 10 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 2.5 ppm;STEL 10 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm (40 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 2 ppm (8 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-TURKEY:TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 2 ppm (8 mg/m3);STEL 10 ppm;Skin JAN 1993
OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 34120
No. of Facilities: 333 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 11
No. of Occupations: 30
No. of Employees: 5904 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - 34120
No. of Facilities: 6447 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 79
No. of Occupations: 66
No. of Employees: 135914 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 6706 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Aldehydes, screening, 2539
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Furfural, 2529
NTP Carcinogenesis Studies (gavage);clear evidence:mouse
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-382,90
NTP Carcinogenesis Studies (gavage);some evidence:rat
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-382,90
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID-72
*** END OF RECORD ***