*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : MD2625000
CHEMICAL NAME : Glyoxal
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 107-22-2
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. : 1732463
REFERENCE : 4-01-00-03625 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
LAST UPDATED : 199801
DATA ITEMS CITED : 31
MOLECULAR FORMULA : C2-H2-O2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 58.04
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : VHVH
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Agricultural Chemical
Mutagen
Primary Irritant
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* Biformal
* Biformyl
* Diformal
* Diformyl
* Ethandial
* Ethanedial
* 1,2-Ethanedione
* Glyoxylaldehyde
* Oxalaldehyde
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** SKIN/EYE IRRITATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Open irritation test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 545 mg
REACTION SEVERITY : Mild
REFERENCE :
UCDS** Union Carbide Data Sheet. (Union Carbide Corp., 39 Old Ridgebury
Rd., Danbury, CT 06817) Volume(issue)/page/year: 3/16/1961
TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 20 mg
REACTION SEVERITY : Severe
REFERENCE :
AJOPAA American Journal of Ophthalmology. (Ophthalmic Pub. Co., 435 N.
Michigan Ave., Suite 1415, Chicago, IL 60611) Series 3: V.1- 1918-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1363,1946
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - muscle weakness
REFERENCE :
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161)
Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
Volume(issue)/page/year: OTS0533618
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NCNSA6 National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council,
Chemical-Biological Coordination Center, Review. (Washington, DC)
Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,9,1953
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 400 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - muscle weakness
REFERENCE :
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161)
Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
Volume(issue)/page/year: OTS0533618
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161)
Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
Volume(issue)/page/year: AD438-895
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 300 uL/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161)
Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
Volume(issue)/page/year: OTS0535072
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 10 mL/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - acute pulmonary edema
Liver - other changes
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure,
acute tubular necrosis)
REFERENCE :
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161)
Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
Volume(issue)/page/year: OTS0535072
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 60 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161)
Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
Volume(issue)/page/year: OTS0535072
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 60 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161)
Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
Volume(issue)/page/year: OTS0535072
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 760 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Gastrointestinal - other changes
REFERENCE :
JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA)
V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,259,1941
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 6600 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
34ZIAG "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York,
Academic Press, Inc., 1969 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,291,1969
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 26715 mg/kg/90D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - other transferases
REFERENCE :
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
16,763,1991
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 60515 mg/kg/26W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - changes in heart weight
Liver - changes in liver weight
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
16,763,1991
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION : 1 nmol/plate
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 78,113,1980
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 100 umol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 203,81,1988
TYPE OF TEST : DNA repair
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 1590 umol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 272,145,1992
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 400 umol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 224,269,1989
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 500 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 213,227,1989
TYPE OF TEST : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 300 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
JJCREP Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. BV, POB
211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.76- 1985-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 76,809,1985
TYPE OF TEST : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 1850 umol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 203,155,1988
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in mammalian somatic cells
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 479 umol/L
REFERENCE :
MUTAEX Mutagenesis. (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road,
Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1986- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,193,1988
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Lung
DOSE/DURATION : 200 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 227,117,1989
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Lung
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 227,117,1989
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION : 200 umol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 224,269,1989
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 84477
No. of Facilities: 630 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 16
No. of Occupations: 19
No. of Employees: 3846 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - 84477
No. of Facilities: 2151 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 27
No. of Occupations: 40
No. of Employees: 50395 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 9890 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN #55, September 1991
*** END OF RECORD ***