*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : MU1050000
CHEMICAL NAME : Hydantoin, 5,5-diphenyl-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 57-41-0
OTHER CAS REGISTRY NOS. : 125-59-7
LAST UPDATED : 199801
DATA ITEMS CITED : 121
MOLECULAR FORMULA : C15-H12-N2-O2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 252.29
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : T5MVMV EHJ ER& ER
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Tumorigen
Drug
Mutagen
Reproductive Effector
Human
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* Aleviatin
* Danten
* Dantoinal
* Dantoinal klinos
* Dantoine
* Denyl
* Difenilhidantoina
* Di-Hydan
* Dilabid
* Di-Lan
* Dintoina
* Diphantoin
* Diphedan
* Diphenylhydantoin
* 5,5-Diphenylhydantoin
* Diphenylhydantoine
* 5,5-Diphenylimidazolidin-2,4-dione
* 5,5-Diphenyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione
* DPH
* 5,5-Dwufenylohydantoina
* Ekko capsules
* Elepsindon
* Enkelfel
* Epamin
* Epdantoine simple
* Fenitoina
* Fentoin
* Gerot-epilan-D
* Hidantal
* Hidantilo
* Ictalis simple
* Kessodanten
* Lepsin
* Minetoin
* NCI-C55765
* Neos-hidantoina
* Neosidantoina
* Novantoina
* OM hidantoina simple
* OM-Hydantoine
* Phentoin
* Phenytoin
* Ritmenal
* Silantin
* Sodanton
* Zentropil
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION : 200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions
Behavioral - ataxia
REFERENCE :
AEMED3 Annals of Emergency Medicine. (American College of Emergency
Physicians, 1125 Executive Circle, Irving, TX 75038)
Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,1387,1987
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - child
DOSE/DURATION : 3 mg/kg/3W
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)
REFERENCE :
CLPTAT Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (St. Louis). (C.V. Mosby Co.,
11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63146) V.1- 1960-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,48,1976
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION : 540 mg/kg/90D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - eosinophilia
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional change in trachea
or bronchi
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
REFERENCE :
AJMEAZ American Journal of Medicine. (Technical Pub., 875 Third Ave., New
York, NY 10022) V.1- 1946- Volume(issue)/page/year: 87,93,1989
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - child
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NEURAI Neurology. (Modern Medicine Pub., Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN
55802) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,138,1961
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - child
DOSE/DURATION : 11 mg/kg/D
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
Behavioral - ataxia
REFERENCE :
AJDCAI American Journal of Diseases of Children. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St.,
Chicago, IL 60610) V.1-80(3), 1911-50; V.100- 1960-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 130,75,1976
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION : 31 mg/kg/4D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - encephalitis
Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions
Behavioral - irritability
REFERENCE :
JCGADC Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. (Raven Press, 1185 Ave. of the
Americas, New York, NY 10036) Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,337,1987
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION : 106 mg/kg/2W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - encephalitis
Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions
Behavioral - ataxia
REFERENCE :
JCGADC Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. (Raven Press, 1185 Ave. of the
Americas, New York, NY 10036) Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,337,1987
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION : 1300 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - other changes
REFERENCE :
AIMEAS Annals of Internal Medicine. (American College of Physicians, 4200
Pine St., Philadelphia, PA 19104) V.1- 1927- Volume(issue)/page/year:
69,557,1968
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - child
DOSE/DURATION : 140 mg/kg/2W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - jaundice, other or unclassified
Blood - other changes
Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)
REFERENCE :
PEDIAU Pediatrics. (American Academy of Pediatrics, P.O. Box 1034,
Evanston, IL 60204) V.1- 1948- Volume(issue)/page/year: 28,943,1961
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - child
DOSE/DURATION : 15 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
REFERENCE :
CPEDAM Clinical Pediatrics (Philadelphia). (Lippincott/Harper, Journal
Fulfillment Dept., 2350 Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1962-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,467,1985
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - child
DOSE/DURATION : 15 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)
Behavioral - excitement
Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity
REFERENCE :
PEDIAU Pediatrics. (American Academy of Pediatrics, P.O. Box 1034,
Evanston, IL 60204) V.1- 1948- Volume(issue)/page/year: 72,831,1983
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - child
DOSE/DURATION : 18 mg/kg/3D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - excitement
Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity
REFERENCE :
PEDIAU Pediatrics. (American Academy of Pediatrics, P.O. Box 1034,
Evanston, IL 60204) V.1- 1948- Volume(issue)/page/year: 72,831,1983
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 1635 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - sleep
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)
Behavioral - muscle weakness
REFERENCE :
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag,
Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 33,1168,1983
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 352 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans
Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4-
1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 193,37,1971
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : >1500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag,
Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 30,477,1980
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 101 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)
REFERENCE :
JKXXAF Japanese Kokai Tokyo Koho Patents. (U.S. Patent and Trademark
Office, Foreign Patents, Washington, DC 20231) Volume(issue)/page/year:
#79-163823
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 150 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - anticonvulsant
REFERENCE :
JMCMAR Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. (American Chemical Soc.,
Distribution Office Dept. 223, POB POB 57136, West End Stn., Washington, DC
20037) V.6- 1963- Volume(issue)/page/year: 18,383,1975
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JMCMAR Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. (American Chemical Soc.,
Distribution Office Dept. 223, POB POB 57136, West End Stn., Washington, DC
20037) V.6- 1963- Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,465,1981
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 110 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag,
Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,723,1954
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 92 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag,
Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,723,1954
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 800 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
APSXAS Acta Pharmaceutica Suecica. (Apotekarsocieteten-Farmacevtiska
Foereningen, Box 1136, S-111, 81 Stockholm, Sweden) V.1- 1964-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,155,1965
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 90 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
27ZQAG "Psychotropic Drugs and Related Compounds," 2nd ed., Usdin, E., and
D.H. Efron, Washington, DC, 1972 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,224,1972
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : >3 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FMXXAJ French Medicament Patent Document. (U.S. Patent and Trademark
Office, Foreign Patents, Washington, DC 20231) Discontinued.
Volume(issue)/page/year: #2292M
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 56400 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation
REFERENCE :
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag,
Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 33,1168,1983
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION : 250 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - anticonvulsant
REFERENCE :
JMCMAR Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. (American Chemical Soc.,
Distribution Office Dept. 223, POB POB 57136, West End Stn., Washington, DC
20037) V.6- 1963- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,836,1965
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 1865 mg/kg/13W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-404,1993
** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION : 1620 mg/kg
female 1-39 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - transplacental tumorigenesis
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors
REFERENCE :
LANCAO Lancet. (7 Adam St., London WC2N 6AD, UK) V.1- 1823-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,481,1980
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION : 1620 mg/kg
female 1-39 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - transplacental tumorigenesis
Brain and Coverings - tumors
REFERENCE :
JAMAAP JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association. (AMA, 535 N.
Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.1- 1883- Volume(issue)/page/year:
244,1464,1980
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION : 730 mg/kg/1Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease
REFERENCE :
NKGZAE Nippon Ketsueki Gakkai Zasshi. Journal of Japan Haematological
Society. (Nippon Ketsueki Gakkai, Kyoto Daigaku Igakubu, Fuzoku Byoin, 54
Kawara-machi, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan) V.1- 1937-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 46,1,1983
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION : 1620 mg/kg
female 1-39 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - transplacental tumorigenesis
Brain and Coverings - tumors
REFERENCE :
JAMAAP JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association. (AMA, 535 N.
Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.1- 1883- Volume(issue)/page/year:
244,1464,1980
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION : 1620 mg/kg
female 1-39 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - transplacental tumorigenesis
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors
REFERENCE :
LANCAO Lancet. (7 Adam St., London WC2N 6AD, UK) V.1- 1823-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,481,1980
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 1500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Skin and Appendages - tumors
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
26,619,1966
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 52560 mg/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-404,1993
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 1500 mg/kg/27D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Skin and Appendages - tumors
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
28,924,1968
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION : 730 mg/kg/1Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease
REFERENCE :
NKGZAE Nippon Ketsueki Gakkai Zasshi. Journal of Japan Haematological
Society. (Nippon Ketsueki Gakkai, Kyoto Daigaku Igakubu, Fuzoku Byoin, 54
Kawara-machi, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan) V.1- 1937-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 43,711,1980
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - child
DOSE/DURATION : 6023 mg/kg/1Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria
Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease
Skin and Appendages - tumors
REFERENCE :
AJDEBP Australasian Journal of Dermatology. (Australasian College of
Dermatologists, 271 Bridge Rd., Glebe, N.S.W., Australia) V.9- 1967-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,28,1981
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 105 gm/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-404,1993
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 5284 mg/kg/17W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Blood - tumors
Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease
REFERENCE :
ZKKOBW Zeitschrift fuer Krebsforschung und Klinische Onkologie. (Berlin,
Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.76-92, 1971-78. For publisher information, see JCROD7.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 78,290,1972
** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE : 1080 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-39 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
REFERENCE :
LANCAO Lancet. (7 Adam St., London WC2N 6AD, UK) V.1- 1823-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,702,1971
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE : 1620 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-39 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular
(circulatory) system
REFERENCE :
LANCAO Lancet. (7 Adam St., London WC2N 6AD, UK) V.1- 1823-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,481,1980
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE : 3240 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-39 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
gain)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - physical
REFERENCE :
CLGNAY Clinical Genetics. (Munksgaard International Publishers, POB2148,
DK-1016 Copenhagen K, Denmark) V.1- 1970- Volume(issue)/page/year:
51,343,1997
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE : 1365 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-39 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - physical
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - delayed effects
REFERENCE :
JOPDAB Journal of Pediatrics. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial
Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) V.1- 1932- Volume(issue)/page/year:
89,662,1976
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE : 540 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-39 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - skin and skin
appendages
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental
abnormalities
REFERENCE :
JOPDAB Journal of Pediatrics. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial
Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) V.1- 1932- Volume(issue)/page/year:
87,285,1975
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE : 3675 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-35 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - skin and skin
appendages
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - physical
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - delayed effects
REFERENCE :
OBGNAS Obstetrics and Gynecology. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year:
52,682,1978
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE : 1620 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-39 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular
(circulatory) system
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - other postnatal measures or effects
REFERENCE :
JOPDAB Journal of Pediatrics. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial
Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) V.1- 1932- Volume(issue)/page/year:
89,662,1976
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE : 540 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-39 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
gain)
REFERENCE :
JOPDAB Journal of Pediatrics. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial
Dr., St. Louis, MO 63141) V.1- 1932- Volume(issue)/page/year:
89,662,1976
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 800 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 11-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
REFERENCE :
CGANE7 Congenital Anomalies. (Nippon Senten Ijo Gakkai, 377-2 Ono-higashi,
Osakasayama, Osaka-Fu 589 Japan) V.27- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year:
30,309,1990
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 50 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 7-16 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic
REFERENCE :
BCPCA6 Biochemical Pharmacology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House,
Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year:
28,2585,1979
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 2400 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 7-18 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4
per # born alive)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
gain)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
NETEEC Neurotoxicology and Teratology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House,
Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.9- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year:
11,295,1989
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 1300 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 7-19 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
gain)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,115,1981
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 540 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 9-17 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured
before birth)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
EAMJAV East African Medical Journal. (P.O. Box 41632, Nairobi, Kenya) V.9-
1932- Volume(issue)/page/year: 60,407,1983
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 2400 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 7-18 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
gain)
REFERENCE :
IJDND6 International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience. (Pergamon Press
Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1983-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,283,1990
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 50 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - menstrual cycle changes or disorders
Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility
REFERENCE :
PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.
(Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 119,982,1965
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 338 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 12-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - body wall
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
REFERENCE :
DABBBA Dissertation Abstracts International, B: The Sciences and
Engineering. (University Microfilms International, 300 N. Zeeb Rd., Ann
Arbor, MI 48106) V.30- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 36,2145,1975
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 150 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 11 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
22,193,1972
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 100 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 11 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
22,193,1972
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 150 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
22,193,1972
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 900 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - extra-embryonic structures
(e.g., placenta, umbilical cord)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,291,1975
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 900 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,291,1975
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 600 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 13-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
22,193,1972
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 120 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 15-22 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
PYRTAZ Psychological Reports. (Southern Univ. Press, Baton Rouge, LA 70813)
V.1- 1952- Volume(issue)/page/year: 47,1163,1980
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 1050 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - other postnatal measures or effects
REFERENCE :
PJABDW Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B: Physical and Biological
Sciences. (Maruzen Co. Ltd., POB 5050, Tokyo International, Tokyo 100-31,
Japan) V.53- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,78,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 4800 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : male 60 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - male fertility index (e.g. # males impregnating
females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)
REFERENCE :
IJMDAI Israel Journal of Medical Sciences. (POB 1435, Jerusalem 91013,
Israel) V.1- 1965- Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,615,1979
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 85 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - abortion
REFERENCE :
JDREAF Journal of Dental Research. (International Assoc. for Dental
Research, 734 15th St., NW, Suite 809, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1919-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 57,362,1978
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 640 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 14 day(s) pre-mating
female 1-18 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular
(circulatory) system
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
REFERENCE :
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H
St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895- Volume(issue)/page/year:
211,483,1981
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 150 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 6-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85,
Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,323,1976
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 400 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 9-18 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - immune and
reticuloendothelial system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 25(2),33A,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 45 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
32,53,1975
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 630 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8-12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4
per # born alive)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
gain)
REFERENCE :
TCMUD8 Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc.,
41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year:
6,361,1986
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 58 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 13 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - cytological changes (including
somatic cell genetic material)
REFERENCE :
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 18(Suppl
1),109,1983
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 88 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic
REFERENCE :
PEREBL Pediatric Research. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St.,
Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,528,1977
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 150 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 11-13 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in
number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
REFERENCE :
JDREAF Journal of Dental Research. (International Assoc. for Dental
Research, 734 15th St., NW, Suite 809, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1919-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,1918,1979
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 75 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - other effects to embryo
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,32A,1976
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 50 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 13 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,305,1969
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 88 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,45,1979
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 100 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 11 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
REFERENCE :
CCSUDL Carcinogenesis--A Comprehensive Survey. (Raven Press, 1185 Ave. of
the Americas, New York, NY 10036) V.1- 1976- Volume(issue)/page/year:
3,401,1978
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 100 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
REFERENCE :
PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.
(Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 173,82,1983
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 88 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - other effects to embryo
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 17,34A,1978
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 263 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 11-13 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,17A,1977
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 75 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 33,41C,1986
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 106 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8-10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular
(circulatory) system
REFERENCE :
FEPRA7 Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for
Experimental Biology. (Bethesda, MD) V.1-46, 1942-87.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 38,438,1979
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Primate - monkey
DOSE : 210 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 25-45 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
REFERENCE :
27CWAL "Medical Primatology, Selected Papers from the 3rd Conference on
Experimental Medicine and Surgery in Primates, Lyons, France, 1972,"
Goldsmith, E.I. and J. Moor-Jankowski, eds., White Plains, NY, Albert J.
Phiebig Inc., 1972 Volume(issue)/page/year: Pt III,286,1972
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE : 300 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 16 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 45,247,1992
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE : 450 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 14-16 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 46,485,1992
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE : 450 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 6-8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
REFERENCE :
36DLAV "Clinical and Pharmacological Aspects of Sodium Valproate (Epilim) in
the Treatment of Epilepsy, Proceedings of a Symposium, Nottingham, UK,
1975," Legg, N.J., et al., eds., Kent, UK, MCS Consultants, 1976
Volume(issue)/page/year: -,105,1976
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE : 330 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8-18 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
JIDOAA Experimental Animals. Jikken Dobutso Iho. (Nippon Jikken Dobutsu
Gakkai, c/o Keio Gijuku Daigaku Igakubu Jikken Dobutsu Senta, 35
Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160, Japan) V.1- 1952-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 35,387,1986
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : DNA adduct
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 50 umol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 89,95,1981
TYPE OF TEST : Phage inhibition capacity
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/L
REFERENCE :
VIRLAX Virology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802)
V.1- 1955- Volume(issue)/page/year: 99,257,1979
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 360 umol/L
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
33,38,1975
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 40 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 204,623,1988
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Human Leukocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 100 ug/L
REFERENCE :
AJOGAH American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. (C.V. Mosby Co.,
11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63146) V.1- 1920-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 109,961,1971
TYPE OF TEST : Morphological transformation
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 1260 mg/kg/6W
REFERENCE :
CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House,
Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,387,1988
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
AIVMBU Archivos de Investigacion Medica. (POB 12,631, Col. Narvarte, Deleg.
Benito Juarez, 03020 Mexico City, DF, Mexico) V.1- 1970-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,211,1990
TYPE OF TEST : Morphological transformation
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Embryo
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/L
REFERENCE :
TIVIEQ Toxicology In Vitro. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview
Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,103,1988
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION : 1600 mg/L
REFERENCE :
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E.
11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year:
10(Suppl 10),1,1987
*** REVIEWS ***
IARC Cancer Review:Human Limited Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,201,1977
IARC Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence
IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49
Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year:
7,319,1987
IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence
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IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B
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TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
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TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
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*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 80404
No. of Facilities: 182 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 2
No. of Occupations: 8
No. of Employees: 3344 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - 80404
No. of Facilities: 1154 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 5
No. of Occupations: 10
No. of Employees: 23400 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 16795 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Sperm morphology-human
NTP Carcinogenesis Studies (feed); clear evidence: mouse
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-404,93
NTP Carcinogenesis Studies (feed); equivocal evidence: rat
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research
Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-404,93
NTP 7th Annual Report on Carcinogens, 1992 : anticipated to be carcinogen
*** END OF RECORD ***