*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : AW5950000
CHEMICAL NAME : Aflatoxin
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 1402-68-2
LAST UPDATED : 199606
DATA ITEMS CITED : 38
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Tumorigen
Mutagen
Reproductive Effector
Human
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 229 ug/kg/8W
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - anorexia (human)
Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from small intestine
Liver - jaundice, other or unclassified
REFERENCE :
LANCAO Lancet. (7 Adam St., London WC2N 6AD, UK) V.1- 1823-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,1061,1975
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Primate - monkey
DOSE/DURATION : 1750 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal
Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - effect on inflammation or
mediation of inflammation
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For
publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,227,1976
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Primate - monkey
DOSE/DURATION : 2020 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal
Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - effect on inflammation or
mediation of inflammation
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For
publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,227,1976
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Bird - quail
DOSE/DURATION : 4 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
BPOSA4 British Poultry Science. (Longman Group UK Ltd., Longman House,
Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex CM20 2JE, UK) V.1- 1960-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,29,1980
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 1 gm/kg/10W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - change in clotting factors
Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - phosphatases
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
18,579,1971
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 900 mg/kg/60D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells
Blood - changes in other cell count (unspecified)
Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count
REFERENCE :
BECTA6 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.
(Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ
07094) V.1- 1966- Volume(issue)/page/year: 49,861,1992
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - pig
DOSE/DURATION : 56 mg/kg/28D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - change in clotting factors
Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in iron
REFERENCE :
BECTA6 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.
(Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ
07094) V.1- 1966- Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,576,1988
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Bird - chicken
DOSE/DURATION : 20 mg/kg/10D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in calcium
REFERENCE :
JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub.,
1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 34,309,1991
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Bird - quail
DOSE/DURATION : 105 mg/kg/3W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
BPOSA4 British Poultry Science. (Longman Group UK Ltd., Longman House,
Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex CM20 2JE, UK) V.1- 1960-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,29,1980
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - domestic
DOSE/DURATION : 2925 ug/kg/39D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - jaundice, other or unclassified
Blood - hemorrhage
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
65,354,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - domestic
DOSE/DURATION : 1680 ug/kg/21D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - transaminases
REFERENCE :
JJATDK JAT, Journal of Applied Toxicology. (John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Baffins
Lane, Chichester, W. Sussex PO19 1UD, UK) V.1- 1981-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,85,1996
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - cattle
DOSE/DURATION : 2100 ug/kg/3W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - other changes
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - phosphatases
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - dehydrogenases
REFERENCE :
JDSCAE Journal of Dairy Science. (American Dairy Science Assoc., 309 W.
Clark St., Champaign, IL 61820) V.1- 1917- Volume(issue)/page/year:
68,437,1985
** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 7788 ug/kg/13W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
NATUAS Nature. (Nature Subscription Dept., POB 1018, Manasguan, NJ 08736)
V.1- 1869- Volume(issue)/page/year: 202,1016,1964
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 2250 ug/kg
female 10-21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - transplacental tumorigenesis
Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut
Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year:
33,262,1973
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Multiple routes
SPECIES OBSERVED : Primate - monkey
DOSE/DURATION : 71 mg/kg/6Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Liver - jaundice, other or unclassified
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - transaminases
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For
publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,519,1972
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 87 mg/kg/52W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
Gastrointestinal - tumors
REFERENCE :
NATUAS Nature. (Nature Subscription Dept., POB 1018, Manasguan, NJ 08736)
V.1- 1869- Volume(issue)/page/year: 209,90,1966
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 66 mg/kg/52W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Gastrointestinal - tumors
Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
NATUAS Nature. (Nature Subscription Dept., POB 1018, Manasguan, NJ 08736)
V.1- 1869- Volume(issue)/page/year: 209,90,1966
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 62 mg/kg/37W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
Liver - tumors
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors
REFERENCE :
IJCNAW International Journal of Cancer. (International Union Against
Cancer, 3 rue du Conseil- General, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland) V.1- 1966-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,422,1969
** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - hamster
DOSE : 4 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured
before birth)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
DABBBA Dissertation Abstracts International, B: The Sciences and
Engineering. (University Microfilms International, 300 N. Zeeb Rd., Ann
Arbor, MI 48106) V.30- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 34,5251,1973
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - hamster
DOSE : 6 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
REFERENCE :
DABBBA Dissertation Abstracts International, B: The Sciences and
Engineering. (University Microfilms International, 300 N. Zeeb Rd., Ann
Arbor, MI 48106) V.30- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 34,5251,1973
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Human Leukocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 50 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,373,1972
TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 8500 ug/kg
REFERENCE :
DCTODJ Drug and Chemical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New
York, NY 10016) V.1- 1977/78- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,291,1987
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 84 ug/kg
REFERENCE :
NULSAK Nucleus (Calcutta). (Dr. A.K. Sharma, Centre of Advanced Studies in
Cell and Chromosome Research, Calcutta, 35 Baliygunge Circular Rd., Calcutta
700 019, India) V.1- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,142,1989
TYPE OF TEST : Dominant lethal test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 68 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
NATUAS Nature. (Nature Subscription Dept., POB 1018, Manasguan, NJ 08736)
V.1- 1869- Volume(issue)/page/year: 219,385,1968
*** REVIEWS ***
IARC Cancer Review:Human Sufficient Evidence
IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49
Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year:
7,83,1987
IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence
IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49
Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year:
7,83,1987
IARC Cancer Review:Group 1
IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49
Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year:
7,83,1987
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
LLOYA2 Lloydia. (Cincinnati, OH) V.1-41, 1938-78. For publisher
information, see JNPRDF. Volume(issue)/page/year: 38,21,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JAVMA4 Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. (American
Veterinary Medical Assoc., 930 N. Meacham Rd., Schaumburg, IL 60196) V.48-
1915- Volume(issue)/page/year: 164,277,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
32XPAD "Teratology," Berry, C.L., and D.E. Poswillo, eds., New York,
Springer, 1975 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,49,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
IJNDAN Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics. (Sri Avinashilingam Home
Science College for Women, Coimbatore 641 043, India) V.7- 1970-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,85,1971
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For
publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,80,1968
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ZKKOBW Zeitschrift fuer Krebsforschung und Klinische Onkologie. (Berlin,
Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.76-92, 1971-78. For publisher information, see JCROD7.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 78,99,1972
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Aspergillus-forward mutation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: In vitro cytogenetics-human
lymphocyte
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: D melanogaster-reciprocal
translocation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal
NTP 7th Annual Report on Carcinogens, 1992 : known to be carcinogenic
*** END OF RECORD ***