*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***

RTECS NUMBER            : OF7525000
CHEMICAL NAME           : Lead
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER     : 7439-92-1
LAST UPDATED            : 199712
DATA ITEMS CITED        : 77
MOLECULAR FORMULA       : Pb
MOLECULAR WEIGHT        : 207.19
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :  PB
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR     : Tumorigen
                          Mutagen
                          Reproductive Effector
                          Human
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
   * C.I. Pigment Metal 4
   * C.I. 77575
   * Glover
   * KS-4
   * Lead
   * Lead flake
   * Lead inorganic
   * Lead S2
   * Olow
   * Omaha & grant
 
                       *** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
 
                        ** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION           : 450 mg/kg/6Y
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia
   (usually neuromuscular blockage)
   Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions
   Behavioral - muscle weakness
REFERENCE :
   JAMAAP JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association.  (AMA, 535 N.
   Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610)  V.1-    1883-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   237,2627,1977
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Human
DOSE/DURATION           : 10 ug/m3
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Gastrointestinal - gastritis
   Liver - other changes
REFERENCE :
   VRDEA5 Vrachebnoe Delo.  Medical Practice.  (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga,
   113095 Moscow, USSR) No.1-    1918-  Volume(issue)/page/year: (5),107,1981
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 1 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   EQSSDX Environmental Quality and Safety, Supplement.  (Stuttgart, Fed. Rep.
   Ger.)  V.1-5, 1975-76. Discontinued.  Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,1,1975
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Bird - pigeon
DOSE/DURATION           : 160 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig,
   Ger. Dem. Rep.)  Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,1289,1935
 
                 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 1050 ug/kg/30W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes
   Behavioral - alteration of classical conditioning
   Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in metals, not otherwise specified
REFERENCE :
   GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya.  For English translation, see HYSAAV.  (V/O
   Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)  V.1-    1936-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 40(5),101,1975
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 6879 mg/kg/5W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells
   Blood - other changes
   Blood - changes in other cell count (unspecified)
REFERENCE :
   PNUSB5 Prace Nauwoke Uniwersytetu Slaskiego Katowicach.  (Uniwersytet Slaski
   w Katowicach, Prace Naukowe, Katowice, Poland)  No.901-    1988-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: (505),53,1982
 
                          ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 790 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : multigenerations
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
   e.g., stunted fetus)
   Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
   AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health.  (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St.,
   NW, Washington, DC 20016)  V.1-    1960-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   23,102,1971
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 1140 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 14 day(s) pre-mating  - 21 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
   PHMCAA Pharmacologist.  (American Soc. for Pharmacology and Experimental
   Therapeutics, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20014)  V.1-    1959-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,201,1978
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 520 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 7-22 day(s) after conception
                          lactating female 10 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic
REFERENCE :
   FEPRA7 Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for
   Experimental Biology. (Bethesda, MD)  V.1-46, 1942-87.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 37,394,1978
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 1100 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 1-22 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - blood and lymphatic
   systems (including spleen and marrow)
   Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
   gain)
REFERENCE :
   FEPRA7 Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for
   Experimental Biology. (Bethesda, MD)  V.1-46, 1942-87.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 37,895,1978
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 10 mg/m3/24H
SEX/DURATION            : female 1-21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
   e.g., stunted fetus)
   Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - blood and lymphatic
   systems (including spleen and marrow)
REFERENCE :
   ZHPMAT Zentralblatt fuer Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde,
   Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Abteilung 1: Originale, Reihe B: Hygiene,
   Krankenhaushygiene, Betriebshygiene, Praeventive Medizin. (Stuttgart, Fed.
   Rep. Ger.)  V.155-169, 1971-1979.  For publisher information, see ZAOMDC. 
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 165,294,1977
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 3 mg/m3/24H
SEX/DURATION            : female 1-21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic
REFERENCE :
   ZHPMAT Zentralblatt fuer Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde,
   Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Abteilung 1: Originale, Reihe B: Hygiene,
   Krankenhaushygiene, Betriebshygiene, Praeventive Medizin. (Stuttgart, Fed.
   Rep. Ger.)  V.155-169, 1971-1979.  For publisher information, see ZAOMDC. 
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 165,294,1977
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE                    : 1120 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : multigenerations
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
   e.g., stunted fetus)
   Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
   AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health.  (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St.,
   NW, Washington, DC 20016)  V.1-    1960-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   23,102,1971
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE                    : 6300 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 1-21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Fertility - female fertility index (e.g. # females pregnant
   per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated)
   Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in
   number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)
REFERENCE :
   EXPEAM Experientia.  (Birkhaeuser Verlag, POB 133, CH-4010 Basel,
   Switzerland)  V.1-    1945-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,1312,1975
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE                    : 300 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 1-2 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility
REFERENCE :
   TXCYAC Toxicology.  (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85,
   Limerick, Ireland) V.1-    1973-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,129,1976
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE                    : 4800 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 1-16 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - cytological changes (including
   somatic cell genetic material)
REFERENCE :
   BECTA6 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.
   (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ
   07094)  V.1-    1966-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 18,271,1977
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Mammal - domestic
DOSE                    : 662 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 1-21 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
   TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.  (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
   First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-    1959-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   25,466,1973
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE                    : 2118 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : lactating female 15 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
   e.g., stunted fetus)
   Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
   AECTCV Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.
   (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ
   070944)  V.1-    1973-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 17,365,1988
 
                            ** MUTATION DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Cytogenetic analysis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Unreported
TEST SYSTEM             : Human
DOSE/DURATION           : 50 ug/m3
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 147,301,1985
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Cytogenetic analysis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 23 ug/m3/16W
REFERENCE :
   GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya.  Labor Hygiene and
   Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR)
   V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 26(10),38,1982
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Cytogenetic analysis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Primate - monkey
DOSE/DURATION           : 42 mg/kg/30W
REFERENCE :
   TOLED5 Toxicology Letters.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1977-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,165,1981

                              *** REVIEWS ***
 
   ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen
   DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
   (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
   Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   TLV/BEI,1997

   ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.05(Pb)/m3
   DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
   (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
   Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   TLV/BEI,1997

   IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence
   IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
   to Man.  (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
   V.1-    1972-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,325,1980

   IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence
   IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
   to Man.  (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
   V.1-    1972-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,325,1980

   IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B
   IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement.  (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49
   Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)  No.1-    1979-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   7,230,1987

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   TRBMAV Texas Reports on Biology and Medicine.  (Galveston, TX)  V.1-41(2),
   1943-81/82.  Discontinued.  Volume(issue)/page/year: 33,85,1975

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   PGMJAO Postgraduate Medical Journal.  (Blackwell Scientific Pub. Ltd., POB
   88, Oxford, UK) V.1-    1925-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 51,783,1975

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   JDSCAE Journal of Dairy Science.  (American Dairy Science Assoc., 309 W.
   Clark St., Champaign, IL 61820)  V.1-    1917-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   58,1767,1975

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   IRXPAT International Review of Experimental Pathology.  (Academic Press,
   Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802)  V.1-    1962-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,1,1973

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   CTPHBG Current Topics in Pathology.  (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3,
   D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.)  V.51-    1970-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   55,147,1971

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   CTOXAO Clinical Toxicology.  (New York, NY)  V.1-18, 1968-81.  For publisher
   information, see JTCTDW.  Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,377,1973

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   QURBAW Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics.  (Cambridge Univ. Press, The
   Edinburgh Bldg., Shaftesbury Rd., Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK)  V.1-    1968-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,75,1974

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   RREVAH Residue Reviews.  (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44
   Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094)  V.1-    1962-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   54,55,1975

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   JAVMA4 Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.  (American
   Veterinary Medical Assoc., 930 N. Meacham Rd., Schaumburg, IL 60196)  V.48-
   1915-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 164,277,1974

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   AEMBAP Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology.  (Plenum Pub. Corp.,
   233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013)  V.1-    1967- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   40,239,1973

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   CTOXAO Clinical Toxicology.  (New York, NY)  V.1-18, 1968-81.  For publisher
   information, see JTCTDW.  Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,151,1972

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   FOREAE Food Research.  (Champaign, IL)  V.1-25, 1936-60.  For publisher
   information, see JFDSAZ.  Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,313,1942

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   KOTTAM Kogai to Taisaku.  Journal of Environmental Pollution Control. (Kogai
   Taisaku Gijutsu Dokokai, Shuwa-Akasaka Bldg., 9-1-244, Akasaka, Minato-ku,
   Tokyo 107, Japan)  V.1-    1965-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,1300,1975

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   GEIGAI Gendai Igaku.  Current Medicine.  (Aichi-ken Ishikai, 14-28, Sakae
   4-chome, Naka-ku, Nagoya 460, Japan)  V.1-    1950- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   20,291,1973

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   STEVA8 Science of the Total Environment.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB
   211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands)  V.1-    1972- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   2,341,1974

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   CLCHAU Clinical Chemistry (Winston-Salem, NC).  (American Assoc. for
   Clinical Chemistry, 1725 K St., NW, Washington, DC 20006)  V.1-    1955-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,361,1973

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   AJMEAZ American Journal of Medicine.  (Technical Pub., 875 Third Ave., New
   York, NY 10022) V.1-    1946-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 38,409,1965

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   85DHAX "Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants Series,"
   Washington, DC, National Academy of Sciences, 1972-77
   Volume(issue)/page/year: Pb,254,1972

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   PDTNBH Paediatrician.  (S. Karger AG, Postfach CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland)
   V.1-    1972-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,204,1977

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   AMTODM Advances in Modern Toxicology.  (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third
   Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.1, 1976-79.  Discontinued.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,209,1977

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   MUREAV Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
   Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1-    1964-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 76,115,1980

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   49DXAV "Health Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Infant Formula and Junior Food,
   Proceedings of the Symposium, 1981," Schmidt, E.H.F., and A.G. Hildebrandt,
   eds., Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1983  Volume(issue)/page/year: -,57,1983

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health.  (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St.,
   NW, Washington, DC 20016)  V.1-    1960-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   30,396,1975

                    *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS ***
 
   MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 0.15 mg/m3
   DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
   (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
   Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   3,143,1971

   OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):see CFR 29,1910.1025
   CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
   of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   29,1910.1000,1994

   OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 0.2 mg(Pb)/m3
   CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
   of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   29,1926.55,1994

   OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 0.2 mg(Pb)/m3
   CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations.  (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
   of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   41,50-204.50,1994

                    *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
 
   OEL-FRANCE:TWA 150 mg/m3 JAN 1993
   
   OEL-GERMANY:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993
   
   OEL-POLAND:TWA 0.05 mg/m3 JAN 1993

         *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***

NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) :
   NIOSH REL TO LEAD, INORGANIC-air:10H TWA <0.1 mg(Pb)/m3
REFERENCE :
   NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of
   Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992

NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
   NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
     NOHS Hazard Code - 42490
       No. of Facilities: 8256 (estimated)
       No. of Industries: 107
       No. of Occupations: 81
       No. of Employees: 103308 (estimated)
   
   NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
     NOES Hazard Code - X3272
       No. of Facilities: 149 (estimated)
       No. of Industries: 5
       No. of Occupations: 15
       No. of Employees: 4226 (estimated)
       No. of Female Employees: 777 (estimated)
   
   NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
     NOES Hazard Code - X5909
       No. of Facilities: 53 (estimated)
       No. of Industries: 4
       No. of Occupations: 7
       No. of Employees: 857 (estimated)
       No. of Female Employees: 437 (estimated)
   
   NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
     NOES Hazard Code - X8307
       No. of Facilities: 13 (estimated)
       No. of Industries: 2
       No. of Occupations: 2
       No. of Employees: 616 (estimated)
   
   NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
     NOES Hazard Code - 42490
       No. of Facilities: 43061 (estimated)
       No. of Industries: 235
       No. of Occupations: 146
       No. of Employees: 767619 (estimated)
       No. of Female Employees: 236378 (estimated)

                          *** STATUS IN U.S. ***
 
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Sperm morphology-human
   
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: In vivo cytogenetics-nonhuman bone
   marrow
   
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: In vitro cytogenetics-human lymphocyte
   
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
   
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: In vivo cytogenetics-human
   lymphocyte
   
   EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
   
   EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
   
   On EPA IRIS database
   
   EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
   
   NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Elements by ICP, 7300
   
   NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Lead, by flame AAS, 7082; or by HGAAS, 7105
   
   NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Elements in blood or tissue, 8005
   
   NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Lead in blood and urine, 8003; in surface
   wipe samples, 9100
   
   NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Metals in urine, 8310
   
   OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID-125G

 
                            *** END OF RECORD ***