*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***

RTECS NUMBER            : OF9450000
CHEMICAL NAME           : Lead chloride
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER     : 7758-95-4
LAST UPDATED            : 199712
DATA ITEMS CITED        : 50
MOLECULAR FORMULA       : Cl2-Pb
MOLECULAR WEIGHT        : 278.09
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :  PB G2
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR     : Tumorigen
                          Mutagen
                          Reproductive Effector
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
   * Lead(2+) chloride
   * Lead (II) chloride
   * Lead dichloride
   * Plumbous chloride
 
                       *** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
 
                        ** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : >1947 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives.  (U.S. Government Printing
   Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  No.1-    1972-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,95,1975
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : >1251 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives.  (U.S. Government Printing
   Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)  No.1-    1972-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,95,1975
 
TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION           : 1500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   85KYAH "Merck Index; an Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals",
   11th ed., Rahway, NJ 07065, Merck & Co., Inc. 1989 Volume(issue)/page/year:
   11,852,1989
 
                 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 70 mg/kg/7D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes
   Endocrine - hyperglycemia
   Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
   levels - phosphatases
REFERENCE :
   TXCYAC Toxicology.  (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85,
   Limerick, Ireland) V.1-    1973-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,265,1976
 
                          ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 570 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 14 day(s) pre-mating  - 21 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
   PBBHAU Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior.  (ANKHO International Inc.,
   P.O. Box 426, Fayetteville, NY 13066)  V.1-    1973-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,95,1979
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 201 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 14 day(s) pre-mating  - 15 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
REFERENCE :
   JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health.  (Hemisphere Pub.,
   1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005)  V.1-    1975/76-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,639,1982
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 141 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION            : lactating female 1-21 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
   NETEEC Neurotoxicology and Teratology.  (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House,
   Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523)  V.9-    1987- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   9,51,1987
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 200 ppm
SEX/DURATION            : female 7-22 day(s) after conception
                          lactating female 15 week(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth)
REFERENCE :
   JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health.  (Hemisphere Pub.,
   1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005)  V.1-    1975/76-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,461,1988
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE                    : 40 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 4 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in
   number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)
REFERENCE :
   TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
   R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003)  V.1-    1968-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,273,1977
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE                    : 20 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : multigenerations
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
   resorbed implants per total number of implants)
   Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured
   before birth)
   Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility
REFERENCE :
   TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
   R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003)  V.1-    1968-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,375,1985
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE                    : 20 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - cytological changes (including
   somatic cell genetic material)
REFERENCE :
   TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
   R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003)  V.1-    1968-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 34,207,1986
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Primate - monkey
DOSE                    : 128 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 34 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Maternal Effects - menstrual cycle changes or disorders
REFERENCE :
   FESTAS Fertility and Sterility.  (American Fertility Soc., 608 13th Ave. S,
   Birmingham, AL 35282) V.1-    1950-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,223,1960
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - hamster
DOSE                    : 50 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
   Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System
   Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
REFERENCE :
   EXMPA6 Experimental and Molecular Pathology.  (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
   First St., Duluth, MN 55802)  V.1-    1962-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   7,208,1967
 
TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - hamster
DOSE                    : 25 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
   resorbed implants per total number of implants)
   Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
   ANREAK Anatomical Record.  (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY
   10003)  V.1-    1906/08-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 157,358,1967
 
                            ** MUTATION DATA **
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM             : Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
DOSE/DURATION           : 1 mg/L
REFERENCE :
   BECTA6 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.
   (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ
   07094)  V.1-    1966-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,597,1988
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM             : Microorganism - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 umol/L
REFERENCE :
   SCIEAS Science.  (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H
   St., NW, Washington, DC 20005)  V.1-    1895-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   198,513,1977
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM             : Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
DOSE/DURATION           : 1 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
   CPBTAL Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin.  (Japan Pub. Trading Co., USA,
   1255 Howard St., San Francisco, CA 94103)  V.6-    1958-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 33,1571,1985
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM             : Human HeLa cell
DOSE/DURATION           : 250 umol/L
REFERENCE :
   TXCYAC Toxicology.  (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85,
   Limerick, Ireland) V.1-    1973-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,167,1975
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM             : Human HeLa cell
DOSE/DURATION           : 250 umol/L
REFERENCE :
   TXCYAC Toxicology.  (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85,
   Limerick, Ireland) V.1-    1973-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,167,1975
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM             : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 ng/cm3
REFERENCE :
   BCTKAG Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna.  (Ars Polona, POB 1001, 00-068
   Warsaw 1, Poland) V.4-    1971-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,255,1986
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse Fibroblast
DOSE/DURATION           : 20 umol/L
REFERENCE :
   ZHPMAT Zentralblatt fuer Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde,
   Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Abteilung 1: Originale, Reihe B: Hygiene,
   Krankenhaushygiene, Betriebshygiene, Praeventive Medizin. (Stuttgart, Fed.
   Rep. Ger.)  V.155-169, 1971-1979.  For publisher information, see ZAOMDC. 
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 161,26,1975
 
TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation in mammalian somatic cells
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 mnol/L
REFERENCE :
   EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis.  (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E.
   11th St., New York, NY 10003)  V.10-    1987-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   27,30,1996
 
TYPE OF TEST            : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM             : Mammal - species unspecified Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 umol/L
REFERENCE :
   SCIEAS Science.  (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H
   St., NW, Washington, DC 20005)  V.1-    1895-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   198,513,1977

                              *** REVIEWS ***
 
   ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.05 mg(Pb)/m3; animal carcinogen
   DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
   (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
   Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   TLV/BEI,1997

   IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence
   IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
   to Man.  (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
   V.1-    1972-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,325,1980

   TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
   85DHAX "Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants Series,"
   Washington, DC, National Academy of Sciences, 1972-77
   Volume(issue)/page/year: Pb,259,1972

                    *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
 
   OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 0.05 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
   
   OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 0.15 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
   
   OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 0.1 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
   
   OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.15 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
   
   OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.1 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
   
   OEL-FINLAND:TWA 0.1 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
   
   OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.15 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
   
   OEL-GERMANY:TWA 0.1 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
   
   OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 0.04 mg(Pb)/m3;Carcinogen JAN 1993
   
   OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 0.15 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
   
   OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.005 ppm (0.01 mg(Pb)/m3) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 0.05 mg(Pb)/m3 (resp. dust) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 0.1 mg(Pb)/m3 (total dust) JAN 1993
   
   OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.1 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
   
   OEL-THAILAND:TWA 0.2 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
   
   OEL-TURKEY:TWA 0.2 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
   
   OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.15 mg(Pb)/m3 JAN 1993
   
   OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
   
   OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV

         *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***

NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) :
   NIOSH REL TO LEAD, INORGANIC-air:10H TWA <0.1 mg(Pb)/m3
REFERENCE :
   NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of
   Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992

NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
   NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
     NOHS Hazard Code - 84439
       No. of Facilities: 40 (estimated)
       No. of Industries: 3
       No. of Occupations: 3
       No. of Employees: 478 (estimated)
   
   NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
     NOES Hazard Code - 84439
       No. of Facilities: 214 (estimated)
       No. of Industries: 6
       No. of Occupations: 8
       No. of Employees: 4188 (estimated)
       No. of Female Employees: 961 (estimated)

                          *** STATUS IN U.S. ***
 
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: B subtilis rec assay
   
   EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY

 
                            *** END OF RECORD ***