*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : QD6475000
CHEMICAL NAME : Morpholine
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 110-91-8
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. : 0102549
REFERENCE : 4-27-00-00015 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
LAST UPDATED : 199712
DATA ITEMS CITED : 57
MOLECULAR FORMULA : C4-H9-N-O
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 87.14
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : T6M DOTJ
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Tumorigen
Mutagen
Primary Irritant
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* BASF 238
* Diethyleneimide oxide
* Diethylene imidoxide
* Diethylene oximide
* Diethylenimide oxide
* Drewamine
* p-Isoxazine, tetrahydro-
* Morpholine
* 1-Oxa-4-azacyclohexane
* 2H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro-
* 4H-1,4-Oxazine, tetrahydro-
* Tetrahydro-1,4-isoxazine
* Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine
* Tetrahydro-2H-1,4-oxazine
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** SKIN/EYE IRRITATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 995 mg/24H
REACTION SEVERITY : Severe
REFERENCE :
BIOFX* BIOFAX Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., Data Sheets. (1810
Frontage Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062) Volume(issue)/page/year: 10-4/1970
TYPE OF TEST : Open irritation test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 500 mg
REACTION SEVERITY : Moderate
REFERENCE :
UCDS** Union Carbide Data Sheet. (Union Carbide Corp., 39 Old Ridgebury
Rd., Danbury, CT 06817) Volume(issue)/page/year: 4/21/1967
TYPE OF TEST : Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 2 mg
REACTION SEVERITY : Severe
REFERENCE :
AJOPAA American Journal of Ophthalmology. (Ophthalmic Pub. Co., 435 N.
Michigan Ave., Suite 1415, Chicago, IL 60611) Series 3: V.1- 1918-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1363,1946
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 1450 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
TPKVAL Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv.
Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation,
see TNICS*. (Izdatel'stvo Meditsina, Moscow, USSR) No.1- 1961-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,25,1968
TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 8000 ppm/8H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NPIRI* Raw Material Data Handbook, Vol.1: Organic Solvents, 1974. (National
Assoc. of Printing Ink Research Institute, Francis McDonald Sinclair
Memorial Laboratory, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA 18015)
Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,85,1974
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 1600 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
34ZIAG "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York,
Academic Press, Inc., 1969 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,662,1969
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 525 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - sleep
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
REFERENCE :
BBIADT Biomedica Biochimica Acta. (Akademie-Verlag GmbH, Postfach 1233,
Berlin DDR-1086, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.42- 1983- Volume(issue)/page/year:
44,795,1985
TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 1320 mg/m3/2H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation
Behavioral - ataxia
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis
REFERENCE :
TPKVAL Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv.
Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation,
see TNICS*. (Izdatel'stvo Meditsina, Moscow, USSR) No.1- 1961-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,60,1966
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 413 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct
REFERENCE :
CANCAR Cancer (Philadelphia). (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment
Dept., 2350 Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1948-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,1055,1949
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 458 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
USXXAM United States Patent Document. (U.S. Patent Office, Box 9,
Washington, DC 20231) Volume(issue)/page/year: #4576951
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 500 uL/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AMIHBC AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine.
(Chicago, IL) V.2-10, 1950-54. For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,61,1954
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise
specified
Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from stomach
Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from small intestine
REFERENCE :
JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA)
V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,236,1939
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION : 1220 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
TPKVAL Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv.
Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation,
see TNICS*. (Izdatel'stvo Meditsina, Moscow, USSR) No.1- 1961-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,90,1975
TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION : 12000 mg/m3
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
TPKVAL Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv.
Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation,
see TNICS*. (Izdatel'stvo Meditsina, Moscow, USSR) No.1- 1961-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,90,1975
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 24 gm/kg/30D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - necrotic changes
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure,
acute tubular necrosis)
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA)
V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,236,1939
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 70 mg/m3/4H/17W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section
Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count
REFERENCE :
TNICS* Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. English
translation of TPKVAL. (USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Meditsina,
Moscow, USSR) Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,87,1973
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 250 ppm/6H/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)
REFERENCE :
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
4,465,1984
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 9 gm/kg/10D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - fatty liver degeneration
Skin and Appendages - primary irritation (after topical exposure)
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA)
V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,236,1939
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 13500 mg/kg/30D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - necrotic changes
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure,
acute tubular necrosis)
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA)
V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,236,1939
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 70 mg/m3/4H/17W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - liver function tests impaired
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition
REFERENCE :
TNICS* Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. English
translation of TPKVAL. (USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Meditsina,
Moscow, USSR) Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,87,1973
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 27 gm/kg/30D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in both tubules and glomeruli
Skin and Appendages - primary irritation (after topical exposure)
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA)
V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,236,1939
** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 2560 mg/kg/Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - bronchiogenic carcinoma
Liver - tumors
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 44(8),15,1979
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Morphological transformation
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Fibroblast
DOSE/DURATION : 125 mg/L
REFERENCE :
EPASR* United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides
and Toxic Substances. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M St., SW,
Washington, DC 20460) History unknown. Volume(issue)/page/year:
8EHQ-0779-0294
TYPE OF TEST : Morphological transformation
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 1 uL/L
REFERENCE :
ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For
publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,390,1982
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in mammalian somatic cells
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION : 1 gm/L
REFERENCE :
EPASR* United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides
and Toxic Substances. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M St., SW,
Washington, DC 20460) History unknown. Volume(issue)/page/year:
8EHQ-0779-0294
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION : 160 mg/L
REFERENCE :
EPASR* United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides
and Toxic Substances. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M St., SW,
Washington, DC 20460) History unknown. Volume(issue)/page/year:
8EHQ-0779-0294
*** REVIEWS ***
ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
ACGIH TLV-TWA 71 mg/m3 (20 ppm) (skin)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 47,199,1989
IARC Cancer Review:Group 3
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals
to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210)
V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 47,199,1989
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
JACTDZ Journal of the American College of Toxicology. (Mary Ann Liebert,
Inc., 1651 Third Ave., New York, NY 10128) V.1-12, 1982-1993. Discontinued.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,707,1989
*** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS ***
MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 20 ppm (70 mg/m3) (skin)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
3,175,1971
OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 20 ppm (70 mg/m3) (skin)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1910.1000,1994
OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 20 ppm (70 mg/m3) (skin)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1926.55,1994
OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 20 ppm (70 mg/m3) (skin)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1915.1000,1993
OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 20 ppm (70 mg/m3) (skin)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
41,50-204.50,1994
*** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 20 ppm (70 mg/m3);STEL 30 ppm (105 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 20 ppm (71 mg/m3);STEL 30 ppm (107 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-DENMARK:TWA 20 ppm (70 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-FINLAND:TWA 20 ppm (70 mg/m3);STEL 30 ppm (105 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-FRANCE:TWA 20 ppm (70 mg/m3);STEL 30 ppm (105 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-GERMANY:TWA 20 ppm (70 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 10 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 20 ppm (70 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 20 ppm (70 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 0.5 mg/m3;STEL 1.5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 20 ppm (70 mg/m3);STEL 30 ppm (110 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 20 ppm (70 mg/m3);STEL 40 ppm;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 20 ppm (70 mg/m3);STEL 30 ppm;Skin JAN 1993
OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) :
NIOSH REL TO MORPHOLINE-air:10H TWA 20 ppm (Sk);STEL 30 ppm (Sk)
REFERENCE :
NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 48910
No. of Facilities: 20431 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 132
No. of Occupations: 82
No. of Employees: 122734 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - 48910
No. of Facilities: 13767 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 133
No. of Occupations: 105
No. of Employees: 214367 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 65146 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Host-mediated assay
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
*** END OF RECORD ***