*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : BO0875000
CHEMICAL NAME : Ammonia
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 7664-41-7
OTHER CAS REGISTRY NOS. : 8007-57-6
LAST UPDATED : 199712
DATA ITEMS CITED : 62
MOLECULAR FORMULA : H3-N
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 17.04
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : ZH
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Agricultural Chemical
Tumorigen
Mutagen
Human
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* AM-Fol
* Ammonia
* Ammonia anhydrous
* Ammoniac
* Ammoniaca
* Ammonia gas
* Ammoniak
* Amoniak
* Nitro-sil
* R 717
* Spirit of hartshorn
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION : 15 uL/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of esophagus
REFERENCE :
AJEMEN American Journal of Emergency Medicine. (WB Saunders, Philadelphia,
PA) V.1- 1983- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,320,1985
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 20 ppm
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - ulcerated nasal septum
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - conjunctive irritation
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional change in trachea
or bronchi
REFERENCE :
AGGHAR Archiv fuer Gewerbepathologie und Gewerbehygiene. (Berlin, Ger.)
V.1-18, 1930-61. For publisher information, see IAEHDW.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,528,1955
TYPE OF TEST : LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 5000 ppm/5M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
TABIA2 Tabulae Biologicae. (The Hague, Netherlands) V.1-22, 1925-63.
Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,231,1933
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION : 132 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
85DCAI "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M.,
Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970 Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,73,1970
TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 2000 ppm/4H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
34ZIAG "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York,
Academic Press, Inc., 1969 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,607,1969
TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 4230 ppm/1H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - tremor
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Behavioral - ataxia
REFERENCE :
FEPRA7 Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for
Experimental Biology. (Bethesda, MD) V.1-46, 1942-87.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,1568,1982
TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION : 7 gm/m3/1H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia
(usually neuromuscular blockage)
Behavioral - excitement
REFERENCE :
JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA)
V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 26,29,1944
TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 7 gm/m3/1H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia
(usually neuromuscular blockage)
Behavioral - excitement
REFERENCE :
JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. (Cambridge, MA)
V.18-31, 1936-49. For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 26,29,1944
TYPE OF TEST : LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION : 5000 ppm/5M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und
Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher
information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 138,65,1928
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 300 ppm/6H/5D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes
Blood - other changes
Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - amino acids (including renal
excretion)
REFERENCE :
PHTOEH Pharmacology and Toxicology (Copenhagen). (Munksgaard International
Pub., POB 2148, DK-1016 Copenhagen K, Denmark) V.60- 1987-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 64,244,1989
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 455 mg/m3/8H/90D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise
specified
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
16,646,1970
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 960 mg/m3/4H/17W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - recordings from specific areas of CNS
REFERENCE :
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 50(5),90,1985
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 711 ppm/6H/14D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise
specified
REFERENCE :
JJATDK JAT, Journal of Applied Toxicology. (John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Baffins
Lane, Chichester, W. Sussex PO19 1UD, UK) V.1- 1981-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,207,1995
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 470 mg/m3/8H/90D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
16,646,1970
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 470 mg/m3/8H/90D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - corneal damage
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
16,646,1970
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - pig
DOSE/DURATION : 145 ppm/5W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - food intake (animal)
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
REFERENCE :
JANSAG Journal of Animal Science. (American Soc. of Animal Science, 309 W.
Clark St., Champaign, IL 61820) V.1- 1942- Volume(issue)/page/year:
28,844,1969
TYPE OF TEST : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 470 mg/m3/8H/90D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure,
acute tubular necrosis)
Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
16,646,1970
** TUMORIGENIC DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 1680 mg/kg/24W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
Gastrointestinal - tumors
REFERENCE :
CALEDQ Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland). (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland
Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1975- Volume(issue)/page/year:
65,15,1992
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Bacteria - Escherichia coli
DOSE/DURATION : 1500 ppm/3H
REFERENCE :
AMNTA4 American Naturalist. (Univ. of Chicago Press, Journals Div., POB
37005, Chicago, IL 60637) V.1- 1867- Volume(issue)/page/year:
85,119,1951
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 19800 ug/m3/16W
REFERENCE :
BZARAZ Biologicheskii Zhurnal Armenii. Biological Journal of Armenia. (V/O
Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.19- 1966-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 27(6),102,1974
*** REVIEWS ***
ACGIH TLV-STEL 24 mg/m3 (35 ppm)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
ACGIH TLV-TWA 17 mg/m3 (25 ppm)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161)
Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
Volume(issue)/page/year: AD-A094-501
*** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS ***
MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,11,1971
OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 50 ppm (35 mg/m3)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1910.1000,1994
OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 50 ppm (35 mg/m3)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1926.55,1994
OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 50 ppm (35 mg/m3)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1915.1000,1993
OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 50 ppm (35 mg/m3)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
41,50-204.50,1994
*** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 35 ppm (27 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 50 ppm (35 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 25 ppm (17 mg/m3);STEL 35 ppm (24 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-DENMARK:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-FINLAND:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 40 ppm (30 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-FRANCE:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 50 ppm (36 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-GERMANY:TWA 50 ppm (35 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 18 mg/m3;STEL 27 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-INDIA:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 35 ppm (27 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-JAPAN:TWA 25 ppm (17 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 50 ppm (30 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-POLAND:TWA 20 mg/m3;STEL 20 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 25 ppm;STEL 20 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 50 ppm (35 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 50 ppm (36 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-THAILAND:TWA 50 ppm (35 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-TURKEY:TWA 25 ppm (35 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3);STEL 35 ppm (27 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) :
NIOSH REL TO AMMONIA-air:10H TWA 25 ppm;STEL 35 ppm
REFERENCE :
NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 05250
No. of Facilities: 115139 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 363
No. of Occupations: 198
No. of Employees: 1168429 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - 05250
No. of Facilities: 42116 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 270
No. of Occupations: 174
No. of Employees: 805962 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 287974 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JUNE 1998
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Ammonia, 6015
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1996: Ammoinia by IC, 6016
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID-164
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID-188
*** END OF RECORD ***