*** CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION ***
RTECS NUMBER : QS5250000
CHEMICAL NAME : Nicotine
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER : 54-11-5
OTHER CAS REGISTRY NOS. : 6912-85-2
16760-37-5
LAST UPDATED : 199806
DATA ITEMS CITED : 126
MOLECULAR FORMULA : C10-H14-N2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 162.26
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION : T6NJ C- BT5NTJ A1
COMPOUND DESCRIPTOR : Agricultural Chemical
Mutagen
Reproductive Effector
Human
Natural Product
SYNONYMS/TRADE NAMES :
* Black leaf
* Destruxol orchid spray
* Emo-nik
* ENT 3,424
* Flux MAAG
* Fumetobac
* Mach-Nic
* 1-Methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)pyrrolidine
* 3-(N-Methylpyrrolidino)pyridine
* (S)-3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine
* L-3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidyl)pyridine
* (-)-3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidyl)pyridine
* Niagara P.A. dust
* Nicocide
* Nico-dust
* Nico-fume
* Nicotina
* (-)-Nicotine
* l-Nicotine
* L-Nicotine
* (S)-Nicotine
* Nicotine
* Nicotine alkaloid
* Nikotin
* Nikotyna
* Ortho N-4 dust
* Ortho N-5 dust
* Ortho N-4 and N-5 dusts
* Pyridine, 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-
* Pyridine, 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-, (S)-
* Pyridine, 3-(tetrahydro-1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)
* beta-Pyridyl-alpha-N-methylpyrrolidine
* Pyrrolidine, 1-methyl-2-(3-pyridal)-
* RCRA waste number P075
* Tendust
* Tetrahydronicotyrine, dl-
* XL all insecticide
*** HEALTH HAZARD DATA ***
** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION : 882 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
85DCAI "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M.,
Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970 Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,73,1970
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Rectal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human
DOSE/DURATION : 1430 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions
Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
REFERENCE :
CTOXAO Clinical Toxicology. (New York, NY) V.1-18, 1968-81. For publisher
information, see JTCTDW. Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,391,1977
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 50 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FMCHA2 Farm Chemicals Handbook. (Meister Pub., 37841 Euclid Ave.,
Willoughy, OH 44094) Volume(issue)/page/year: -,C219,1991
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 140 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
WRPCA2 World Review of Pest Control. (London, UK) V.1-10, 1962-71.
Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,119,1970
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 14560 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams &
Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 124,350,1958
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 25 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FATOAO Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow). For English translation, see
PHTXA6 and RPTOAN. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.2-
1939- Volume(issue)/page/year: 47(5),85,1984
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 2800 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
NIIRDN Drugs in Japan (Ethical Drugs). (Yakugyo Jiho Co., Ltd., Tokyo,
Japan) Volume(issue)/page/year: -,916,1995
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 15 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia
(usually neuromuscular blockage)
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Behavioral - ataxia
REFERENCE :
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H
St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895- Volume(issue)/page/year:
127,1054,1958
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 34 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams &
Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 48,317,1933
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intratracheal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 19300 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
ARDSBL American Review of Respiratory Disease. (American Lung Assoc., 1740
Broadway, New York, NY 10019) V.80- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
129,112,1984
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraduodenal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 30 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag,
Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,1037,1975
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 3340 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - tremor
Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
REFERENCE :
HYSAAV Hygiene and Sanitation (USSR). English translation of GISAAA.
(Springfield, VA) 1964-71. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year:
34(4-6),187,1969
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 5900 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
28,227,1974
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 16 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und
Pharmakologie. (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66. For publisher
information, see NSAPCC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 188,605,1938
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 300 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - tremor
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
REFERENCE :
BJPCBM British Journal of Pharmacology. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills,
Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.34- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year:
35,161,1969
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 8 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia
(usually neuromuscular blockage)
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Behavioral - ataxia
REFERENCE :
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H
St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895- Volume(issue)/page/year:
127,1054,1958
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 9200 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.
(Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1177,1932
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 20 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FDWU** "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation,"
Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed.
Rep. Ger., 1931 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1931
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 5 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams &
Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 95,506,1949
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 7700 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.
(Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1177,1932
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION : 5700 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.
(Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1177,1932
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Primate - monkey
DOSE/DURATION : 6 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia
(usually neuromuscular blockage)
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Behavioral - ataxia
REFERENCE :
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H
St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895- Volume(issue)/page/year:
127,1054,1958
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION : 20 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FDWU** "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation,"
Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed.
Rep. Ger., 1931 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1931
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION : 1300 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.
(Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 35,316,1936
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION : 9 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia
(usually neuromuscular blockage)
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Behavioral - ataxia
REFERENCE :
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H
St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895- Volume(issue)/page/year:
127,1054,1958
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 50 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
REFERENCE :
AFDOAQ Quarterly Bulletin--Association of Food and Drug Officials of the
United States. (Denver, CO) V.3-38, 1939-74. Volume(issue)/page/year:
16,3,1952
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 14 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.
(Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,231,1945
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 5 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FDWU** "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation,"
Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed.
Rep. Ger., 1931 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1931
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 6250 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.
(Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,231,1945
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION : 30 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia
(usually neuromuscular blockage)
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Behavioral - ataxia
REFERENCE :
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H
St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895- Volume(issue)/page/year:
127,1054,1958
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - pig
DOSE/DURATION : >14 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions
Behavioral - excitement
Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
REFERENCE :
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H
St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895- Volume(issue)/page/year:
127,1054,1958
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 15 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams &
Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 50,93,1934
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 15 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Behavioral - ataxia
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams &
Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 48,95,1933
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 4500 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag,
Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,1011,1961
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 15 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia
(usually neuromuscular blockage)
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Behavioral - ataxia
REFERENCE :
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H
St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895- Volume(issue)/page/year:
127,1054,1958
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Bird - pigeon
DOSE/DURATION : 4580 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FDWU** "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation,"
Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed.
Rep. Ger., 1931 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1931
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Bird - pigeon
DOSE/DURATION : 9 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia
(usually neuromuscular blockage)
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
Behavioral - ataxia
REFERENCE :
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H
St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895- Volume(issue)/page/year:
127,1054,1958
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Amphibian - frog
DOSE/DURATION : 6 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FDWU** "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation,"
Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed.
Rep. Ger., 1931 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,-,1931
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION : 8 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
30ZDA9 "Chemistry of Pesticides," Melnikov, N.N., New York, Springer-Verlag
New York, Inc., 1971 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,406,1971
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - horse, donkey
DOSE/DURATION : 8800 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
Behavioral - ataxia
REFERENCE :
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H
St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895- Volume(issue)/page/year:
127,1054,1958
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - cattle
DOSE/DURATION : 9 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
Behavioral - ataxia
REFERENCE :
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H
St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895- Volume(issue)/page/year:
127,1054,1958
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - horse, donkey
DOSE/DURATION : 8800 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
Behavioral - ataxia
REFERENCE :
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H
St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895- Volume(issue)/page/year:
127,1054,1958
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Bird - wild bird species
DOSE/DURATION : 17800 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AECTCV Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.
(Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ
070944) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,355,1983
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Bird - domestic
DOSE/DURATION : 8 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
PHZOA9 Physiological Zoology. (Univ. of Chicago Press, Journals Div., POB
37005, Chicago, IL 60637) V.1- 1928- Volume(issue)/page/year:
12,238,1939
** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 42 mg/kg/7D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - other changes
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue
levels - phosphatases
REFERENCE :
IJEBA6 Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. (Publications & Information
Directorate, CSIR, Hillside Rd., New Delhi 110 012, India) V.1- 1963-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,360,1975
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Implant
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION : 28 mg/kg/28D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Endocrine - other changes
Immunological Including Allergic - decrease in cellular immune response
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
135,268,1995
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION : 415 mg/kg/21D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
Liver - other changes
Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - amino acids (including renal
excretion)
REFERENCE :
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,23,1986
** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Human - woman
DOSE : 40 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 24 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular
(circulatory) system
REFERENCE :
BJOGAS British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. (Blackwell Scientific
Pub. Ltd., POB 88, Oxford, UK) V.82- 1975- Volume(issue)/page/year:
90,710,1983
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 59400 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-22 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
gain)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic
REFERENCE :
PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.
(Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 116,956,1964
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 594 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : male 4 week(s) pre-mating
female 4 week(s) pre-mating - 3 week(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
NETOD7 Neurobehavioral Toxicology. (Fayetteville, NY) V.1-2, 1979-80. For
publisher information, see NTOTDY. Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,221,1979
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 22 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : lactating female 20 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
gain)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - delayed effects
REFERENCE :
NETEEC Neurotoxicology and Teratology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House,
Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.9- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year:
9,95,1987
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 319 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 7-20 day(s) after conception
lactating female 35 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic
REFERENCE :
BRREAP Brain Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE
Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1966- Volume(issue)/page/year: 732,257,1996
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 5250 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - skin and skin
appendages
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
ACNSAX Activitas Nervosa Superior. (Avicenum, Malostranske nam. 28, Prague
1, Czechoslovakia) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,148,1973
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 8800 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-22 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - physical
REFERENCE :
FATOAO Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow). For English translation, see
PHTXA6 and RPTOAN. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.2-
1939- Volume(issue)/page/year: 47(5),85,1984
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 33 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-22 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4
per # born alive)
REFERENCE :
FATOAO Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow). For English translation, see
PHTXA6 and RPTOAN. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.2-
1939- Volume(issue)/page/year: 47(5),85,1984
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 40 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 7-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - parturition
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,53A,1981
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 9 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 14-22 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - stillbirth
REFERENCE :
BNEOBV Biology of the Neonate. (S. Karger Pub., Inc., 79 Fifth Ave., New
York, NY 10003) V.15- 1970- Volume(issue)/page/year: 35,290,1979
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 32 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
ENDKAC Endokrinologie. (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1-80, 1928-82. For
publisher information, see EXCEDS. Volume(issue)/page/year: 69,359,1977
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 22500 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - postpartum
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
gain)
REFERENCE :
AJOGAH American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. (C.V. Mosby Co.,
11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63146) V.1- 1920-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 95,515,1966
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 12 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 15-18 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
gain)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - delayed effects
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 25(2),77A,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 126 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4
per # born alive)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
gain)
REFERENCE :
AJOGAH American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. (C.V. Mosby Co.,
11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63146) V.1- 1920-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 100,957,1968
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 126 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - parturition
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - stillbirth
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., #
alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)
REFERENCE :
AJOGAH American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. (C.V. Mosby Co.,
11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63146) V.1- 1920-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 110,522,1971
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 60 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-5 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility
REFERENCE :
BIRSB5 Biology of Reproduction, Supplement. (Champaign, IL) No.1-4,
1969-71(?). Discontinued. For publisher information, see BIREBV.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 20(Suppl 1),52A,1979
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Implant
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 125 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 6-12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
ANANAU Anatomischer Anzeiger. (VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Postfach 176,
Jena DDR-6900, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1- 1886- Volume(issue)/page/year:
168,109,1989
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Implant
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 125 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 6-12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
ANANAU Anatomischer Anzeiger. (VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Postfach 176,
Jena DDR-6900, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1- 1886- Volume(issue)/page/year:
172,257,1991
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Implant
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 125 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 6-12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular
(circulatory) system
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - respiratory system
REFERENCE :
ANANAU Anatomischer Anzeiger. (VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Postfach 176,
Jena DDR-6900, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1- 1886- Volume(issue)/page/year:
172,257,1991
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Implant
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 7 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 8-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway,
Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,156,1983
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Implant
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 19200 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 14-21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - germ cell effects (in offspring)
REFERENCE :
TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85,
Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 94,69,1994
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Multiple routes
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 5750 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 7-21 day(s) after conception
lactating female 8 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - respiratory system
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic
REFERENCE :
BNEOBV Biology of the Neonate. (S. Karger Pub., Inc., 79 Fifth Ave., New
York, NY 10003) V.15- 1970- Volume(issue)/page/year: 53,163,1988
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Multiple routes
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat
DOSE : 37 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 7-22 day(s) after conception
lactating female 21 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - respiratory system
REFERENCE :
SAMJAF South African Medical Journal. (Medical Assoc. of South Africa,
Secy., P.O. Box 643, Cape Town, S. Africa) V.6- 1932-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 83,195,1993
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 16 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 7 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,252,1976
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 642 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 21 day(s) pre-mating
female 1-21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year:
66,30,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 16 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 7 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
SEIJBO Senten Ijo. Congenital Anomalies. (Nippon Senten Ijo Gakkai, c/o
Kinki Daigaku Igakubu Kaibagaku Kyoshitsu, 380 Nishiyama, Sayama-cho,
Mirami-Kawachi-gun, Osaka-fu, Japan) V.1-26, 1960-86. For publisher
information, see CGANE7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,253,1976
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 24 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 7-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - skin and skin
appendages
REFERENCE :
SEIJBO Senten Ijo. Congenital Anomalies. (Nippon Senten Ijo Gakkai, c/o
Kinki Daigaku Igakubu Kaibagaku Kyoshitsu, 380 Nishiyama, Sayama-cho,
Mirami-Kawachi-gun, Osaka-fu, Japan) V.1-26, 1960-86. For publisher
information, see CGANE7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 18,167,1978
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 24 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 9-11 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H
St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895- Volume(issue)/page/year:
127,877,1958
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 1 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - parturition
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial
(including nose and tongue)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 27,40A,1983
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 1 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
gain)
REFERENCE :
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 27,40A,1983
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 25 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 7 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H
St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895- Volume(issue)/page/year:
127,877,1958
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 25 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 5 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured
before birth)
REFERENCE :
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H
St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895- Volume(issue)/page/year:
127,877,1958
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse
DOSE : 50 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 10-11 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
resorbed implants per total number of implants)
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
e.g., stunted fetus)
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
KAIZAN Kaibogaku Zasshi. Journal of Anatomy. (Nippon Kaibo Gakkai, c/o
Tokyo Daigaku Igakubu, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan) V.1- 1928-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,212,1964
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Primate - monkey
DOSE : 500 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 17 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - other effects to embryo
REFERENCE :
AJOGAH American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. (C.V. Mosby Co.,
11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63146) V.1- 1920-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 111,1092,1971
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE : 408 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-68 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
NTOTDY Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology. (Fayetteville, NY) V.3-8,
1981-86. For publisher information, see NETEEC. Volume(issue)/page/year:
4,365,1982
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Parenteral
SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE : 408 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 1-68 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
gain)
REFERENCE :
ANREAK Anatomical Record. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY
10003) V.1- 1906/08- Volume(issue)/page/year: 193,159,1979
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - domestic
DOSE : 200 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 16 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular
(circulatory) system
REFERENCE :
AJOGAH American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. (C.V. Mosby Co.,
11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63146) V.1- 1920-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 167,1624,1992
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - domestic
DOSE : 13 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION : female 3-19 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular
(circulatory) system
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - stillbirth
REFERENCE :
AJPEEK American Journal of Perinatology. (Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
381 Park Ave. S., New York, NY 10157-0208) V.1- 1983-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,270,1992
** MUTATION DATA **
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM : Yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
DOSE/DURATION : 100 ppm
REFERENCE :
RSTUDV Rivista di Scienza e Technologia degli Alimenti e di Nutrizione
Umana. Review of Science and Technology of Food and Human Nutrition.
(Bologna, Italy) V.5-6, 1975-76. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year:
6,161,1976
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Human Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 4 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
CALEDQ Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland). (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland
Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1975- Volume(issue)/page/year:
33,91,1986
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TEST SYSTEM : Human Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 4 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
CALEDQ Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland). (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland
Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1975- Volume(issue)/page/year:
33,91,1986
TYPE OF TEST : Dominant lethal test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION : 10 mg/kg/2D (Intermittent)
REFERENCE :
IRLCDZ IRCS Medical Science: Library Compendium. (Lancaster, UK) V.3-11,
1975-83. For publisher information, see IMSCE2. Volume(issue)/page/year:
6,461,1978
TYPE OF TEST : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION : 1 gm/L
REFERENCE :
CALEDQ Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland). (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland
Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1975- Volume(issue)/page/year:
54,89,1990
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION : 625 mg/L
REFERENCE :
CALEDQ Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland). (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland
Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1975- Volume(issue)/page/year:
54,89,1990
TYPE OF TEST : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rabbit Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION : 1 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85,
Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 34,309,1985
*** REVIEWS ***
ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (skin)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CLPTAT Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (St. Louis). (C.V. Mosby Co.,
11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63146) V.1- 1960-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,480,1964
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CLCHAU Clinical Chemistry (Winston-Salem, NC). (American Assoc. for
Clinical Chemistry, 1725 K St., NW, Washington, DC 20006) V.1- 1955-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,361,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ADVPA3 Advances in Pharmacology. (New York, NY) V.1-6, 1962-68. For
publisher information, see AVPCAQ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,263,1966
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
FNSCA6 Forensic Science. (Lausanne, Switzerland) V.1-11, 1972-78. For pub
lisher information, see FSINDR. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,67,1973
*** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS ***
EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of
Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year:
54,7740,1989
MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (skin)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices
(BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
3,181,1971
OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (skin)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1910.1000,1994
OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (skin)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1926.55,1994
OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (skin)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1915.1000,1993
OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (skin)
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt.
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
41,50-204.50,1994
*** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS ***
OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 0.5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 0.5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-FINLAND:TWA 0.5 mg/m3;STEL 1.5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-GERMANY:TWA 0.07 ppm (0.5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 0.5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 0.07 ppm (0.5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993
OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 0.5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-POLAND:TWA 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.07 ppm (0.5 mg/m3);STEL 0.14 ppm;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-THAILAND:TWA 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-TURKEY:TWA 0.5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.5 mg/m3;STEL 1.5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV
OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
*** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***
NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) :
NIOSH REL TO NICOTINE-air:10H TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (Sk)
REFERENCE :
NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of
Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992
NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA :
NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974)
NOHS Hazard Code - 50570
No. of Facilities: 83 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 3
No. of Occupations: 4
No. of Employees: 161 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983)
NOES Hazard Code - 50570
No. of Facilities: 43 (estimated)
No. of Industries: 1
No. of Occupations: 1
No. of Employees: 4737 (estimated)
No. of Female Employees: 861 (estimated)
*** STATUS IN U.S. ***
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: N crassa-aneuploidy; Histidine
reversion-Ames test
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Nicotine, 2544
*** END OF RECORD ***