Cadmium Acetate,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Insoluble matter (Reagent test):
not more than 1 mg, from 20 g (0.005%).
Chloride (Reagent test)
One g shows not more than 0.01 mg of Cl (0.001%).
Sulfate (Reagent test, Method II)
Dissolve 10 g in 100 mL of water, add 1 mL of hydrochloric acid, and filter: the residue weighs not more than 1.2 mg more than the residue obtained in a complete blank test (0.005%).
Substances not precipitated by hydrogen sulfide
Dissolve 2 g in a mixture of 135 mL of water and 15 mL of 1 N sulfuric acid, heat to boiling, and pass a rapid stream of hydrogen sulfide through the solution as it cools. Filter, and to 75 mL of the clear filtrate add 0.25 mL of sulfuric acid, then evaporate to dryness, and ignite gently: the residue weighs not more than 1 mg (0.1%).
Cadmium Nitrate,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Insoluble matter (Reagent test):
not more than 1 mg, from 20 g (0.005%).
Chloride (Cl) (Reagent test)
One g shows not more than 0.01 mg of Cl (0.001%).
Sulfate (Reagent test, Method II)
Evaporate a mixture of 12 g of specimen and 25 mL of hydrochloric acid on a steam bath to dryness. Add another 15 mL of hydrochloric acid, and again evaporate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 100 mL of water, filter, and add 1 mL of hydrochloric acid: the residue weighs not more than 1.0 mg more than the residue obtained in a blank test (0.003%).
Copper (Cu)
Dissolve 0.5 g in 10 mL of water, add 10 mL of Ammonium Citrate Solution (see Lead
![]() ![]()
Iron (Fe)
Dissolve 1 g in 15 mL of water, add 2 mL of hydrochloric acid, and boil for 2 minutes. Cool, and add about 30 mg of ammonium persulfate and 15 mL of a solution of potassium thiocyanate in normal butyl alcohol (made by dissolving 10 g of potassium thiocyanate in 10 mL of water, warming the solution to about 30
![]()
Lead (Pb)
Dissolve 1.0 g in 10 mL of water, add 0.2 mL of glacial acetic acid, and filter if necessary. To a 7-mL portion of water add 0.2 mL of glacial acetic acid and 3 mL of Standard Lead Solution (see Lead
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Substances not precipitated by hydrogen sulfide
Dissolve 2 g in 145 mL of water, add 5 mL of sulfuric acid (1 in 10), heat to boiling, and pass a rapid stream of hydrogen sulfide through the solution as it cools. Filter, and to 75 mL of the clear filtrate add 0.25 mL of sulfuric acid, then evaporate to dryness, and ignite gently: the residue weighs not more than 1 mg (0.1%).
Calcium Acetate,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Calcium Carbonate,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
[NoteCalcium Carbonate of a quality suitable as a primary standard is available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Office of Standard Reference Materials, www.nist.gov, as standard sample No. 915. ]
Calcium Carbonate, Chelometric Standard,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Calcium Caseinate
White or slightly yellow, nearly odorless, powder. Insoluble in cold water, but forms a milky solution when suspended in water, stirred, and heated.
Residue on ignition (Reagent test)
Ignite 5 g at 550
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Calcium
Treat the residue from the preceding test with 10 mL of diluted hydrochloric acid, filter, and to the clear filtrate add 5 mL of ammonium oxalate TS: it shows a white precipitate upon standing.
Loss on drying
![]() ![]() ![]()
Fat
Suspend 1.0 g in 5 mL of alcohol in a Mojonnier flask, add 0.8 mL of stronger ammonia water and 9 mL of water, and shake. Add a second 5-mL portion of alcohol, then add successive portions of 25 mL each of ether and solvent hexane, shaking after each addition by inverting the flask 30 times. Centrifuge, decant the solvent layer, evaporate it at a low temperature, and dry on a steam bath: the residue weighs not more than 20 mg (2.0%).
Nitrogen content, Method I
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Suspensibility in water
Place 2 g in a beaker, and add cool water slowly with stirring to form a thin, smooth paste. Add additional water to make a total of 100 mL. Stir, and heat to 80
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Calcium Chloride,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Calcium Chloride, Anhydrous (for drying),
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Calcium Citrate,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Assay
Accurately weigh about 400 mg of the salt, previously dried at 150
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Calcium oxide and carbonate
Triturate 1 g of calcium citrate with 5 mL of water for 1 minute: the mixture does not turn red litmus blue. Then add 5 mL of warm 3 N hydrochloric acid: only a few isolated bubbles escape.
Hydrochloric acid-insoluble matter
Dissolve 5 g by heating with a mixture of 10 mL of hydrochloric acid and 50 mL of water for 30 minutes: not more than 2.5 mg of insoluble residue remains (0.05%).
Loss on drying
![]() ![]() ![]()
Arsenic
![]() ![]()
Heavy metals, Method I
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Calcium Hydroxide
![]() ![]() ![]()
Calcium Lactate,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Assay
Accurately weigh about 500 mg, previously dried at 120
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Loss on drying
![]() ![]() ![]()
Acidity
Add phenolphthalein TS to 20 mL of a 1 in 20 solution, and titrate with 0.10 N sodium hydroxide: not more than 0.50 mL is required to produce a pink color.
Heavy metals (Reagent test)
Dissolve 1 g in 2.5 mL of diluted hydrochloric acid, dilute with water to 40 mL, and add 10 mL of hydrogen sulfide TS: any brown color produced is not darker than that of a control containing 0.02 mg of added Pb (0.002%).
Magnesium and alkali salts
Mix 1 g with 40 mL of water, carefully add 5 mL of hydrochloric acid, heat the solution, boil for 1 minute, and add rapidly 40 mL of oxalic acid TS. Add immediately to the warm mixture 2 drops of methyl red TS, then add ammonia TS dropwise, from a buret, until the mixture is just alkaline. Cool to room temperature, transfer to a 100-mL graduated cylinder, dilute with water to 100 mL, mix, and allow to stand for 4 hours or overnight. Filter, and transfer to a platinum dish 50 mL of the clear filtrate, to which has been added 0.5 mL of sulfuric acid. Evaporate the mixture on a steam bath to a small bulk. Carefully heat over a free flame to dryness, and continue heating to complete decomposition and volatilization of ammonium salts. Finally ignite the residue at 800 ± 25
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Volatile fatty acid
Stir about 500 mg with 1 mL of sulfuric acid, and warm: the mixture does not emit an odor of volatile fatty acid.
Calcium Nitrate,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Calcium Pantothenate, Dextro
Use Calcium Pantothenate (USP monograph).
Calcium Sulfate,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Calconcarboxylic Acid
(2-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 3-hydroxy-4-[(2-hydroxy-4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]; Calcon-3-carboxylic Acid; Cal-Red),
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Calconcarboxylic Acid Triturate
Mix 1 part of calconcarboxylic acid with 99 parts of sodium chloride.
Test for sensitivity
Dissolve 50 mg of calconcarboxylic acid triturate in a mixture of 2 mL 10 N sodium hydroxide and 100 mL of water. The solution is blue but becomes violet on addition of 1 mL of a 10 g per L solution of magnesium sulfate and 0.1 mL of a 1.5 g per L solution of calcium chloride and turns pure blue on addition of 0.15 mL of 0.01 M sodium edetate.
Calf Thymus DNA
Use a suitable grade. [NoteA suitable grade is commercially available from Worthington Biochemical Corp., www.worthington-biochem.com. ]
dl-Camphene,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
[NoteA suitable grade is available as camphene, 95%, catalog number 45,606-5, from Sigma-Aldrich, www.sigma-aldrich.com. ]
d-10-Camphorsulfonic Acid
[(1S)-(+)-10-Camphorsulfonic acid; (1S)-Camphor-10-sulfonic acid; (+)-Camphor-10-sulfonic acid (
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
[NoteA suitable grade is available as catalog number C2107 from www.sigma-aldrich.com. ]
dl-10-Camphorsulfonic Acid,
[Camphor-10-sulfonic acid (
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Use a suitable grade.
[NoteA suitable grade is available as catalog number 147923 from www.sigma-aldrich.com.
]
Canada Balsam
![]() ![]() ![]()
Canola Oil
![]() ![]() ![]()
Capric Acid
(Decanoic Acid),
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Assay
Inject an appropriate sample dissolved in acetone into a gas chromatograph (see Chromatography
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Melting range
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Carbazole,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Assay
Inject an appropriate volume into a gas chromatograph (see Chromatography
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Carbon Dioxide Detector Tube
A fuse-sealed glass tube so designed that gas may be passed through it. Contains suitable absorbing filters and support media for the indicators hydrazine and crystal violet.
Measuring range:
0.01 to 0.3 Vol.%.
[NoteAvailable from Draeger Safety, Inc., www.draeger.com, or from Gastec Corp., www.gastec.co.jp, distributed in the USA by www.nextteq.com. ]
Carbon Disulfide, Chromatographic
Use a suitable grade.
Carbon Disulfide, CS
![]() ![]() ![]()
Carbon Monoxide Detector Tube
A fuse-sealed glass tube so designed that gas may be passed through it. Contains suitable absorbing filters and support media for the indicators iodine pentoxide and selenium dioxide and fuming sulfuric acid.
Measuring range:
5 to 150 ppm.
[NoteAvailable from Draeger Safety, Inc., www.draeger.com, or from Gastec Corp., www.gastec.co.jp, distributed in the USA by www.nextteq.com. ]
Carbon Tetrachloride,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Carboxylate (Sodium Form) Cation-exchange Resin (50- to 100-mesh)
See Cation-Exchange Resin, Carboxylate (Sodium Form) (50- to 100-mesh).
Carboxymethoxylamine Hemihydrochloride,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Carmine
(Alum Lake of Carminic Acid),
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
(R)-()-Carvone
(2-Methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexene-1-one),
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Casein
![]() ![]() ![]()
Residue on ignition (Reagent test)
Ignite 2 g: the residue weighs not more than 20 mg (1.0%).
Loss on drying
![]() ![]() ![]()
Alkalinity
Shake 1 g with 20 mL of water for 10 minutes, and filter: the filtrate is not alkaline to red litmus paper.
Soluble substances
When the filtrate from the Alkalinity test is evaporated and dried at 105
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Fats
Dissolve 1 g in a mixture of 10 mL of water and 5 mL of alcoholic ammonia TS, and shake out with two 20-mL portions of solvent hexane. Evaporate the hexane at a low temperature, and dry at 80
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Nitrogen content, Method I
![]() ![]() Where vitamin-free casein is required, use casein that has been rendered free from the fat-soluble vitamins by continuous extraction with hot alcohol for 48 hours followed by air-drying to remove the solvent.
Casein, Hammersten
![]() ![]() ![]()
Catechol
(o-Dihydroxybenzene; Pyrocathecol),
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Use a suitable grade with a content of not less than 99%.
Cation-Exchange Resin
Use a suitable grade.
[NoteA suitable grade is available commercially as Dowex 50-W-X8-100, from Sigma-Aldrich, www.sigma- aldrich.com. ]
Cation-Exchange Resin, Carboxylate (Sodium Form) (50- to 100-mesh)
Use a suitable grade.
[NoteA suitable grade is available as Bio-Rex 70 from BioRad Laboratories, www.bio-rad.com. ]
Cation-Exchange Resin, Polystyrene
Use a suitable grade.
[NoteA suitable grade is available as Dowex-50X2-100, from Sigma-Aldrich, www.sigma-aldrich.com. ]
Cation-Exchange Resin, Styrene-Divinylbenzene
A strongly acidic, cross-linked sulfonated resin containing about 2% of divinylbenzene. It is available in the hydrogen form in the 50- to 100-, 100- to 200-, and 200- to 400-mesh sizes. It can be regenerated to the hydrogen form by treating with a hydrochloric acid solution (5 in 100). For satisfactory regeneration, a contact time of at least 30 minutes is required after which it must be washed free of excess acid. It is insoluble in water, in methanol, and in acetonitrile. Suitable for use in column chromatography.
Moisture content of fully regenerated and expanded resin
Transfer 10 to 12 mL of the resin (as received) to a flask, and convert it completely to the hydrogen form by stirring with 150 mL of hydrochloric acid solution (5 in 100) for not less than 30 minutes. Decant the acid, and wash the resin in the same manner with water until the wash water is neutral to litmus (pH 3.5).
Transfer 5 to 7 mL of the regenerated resin to a glass filtering crucible, and remove only the excess surface water by very careful suction filtration. Transfer the conditioned resin to a tared weighing bottle, and weigh. Dry in a vacuum oven at a pressure of 50 mm of mercury at 100
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Total wet volume capacity
Transfer 3 to 5 mL of the regenerated, undried (See Moisture content above) resin to a 5-mL graduated cylinder, and fill it with water. Remove any air bubbles from the resin bed with a stainless steel wire, and settle the resin to its minimum volume by tapping the graduated cylinder. Record the volume of the resin.
Transfer the resin to a 400-mL beaker. Add about 5 g of sodium chloride, and titrate, stirring well, with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide to the blue endpoint of bromothymol blue (pH 7.0).
(net mL NaOH × N)/(mL of resin) = mEq/mL
The total wet volume capacity of the resin is more than 0.6 mEq per mL.
Wet screen analysis
The purpose of this test is to properly identify the mesh size of the resin. To obtain an accurate screen analysis would require a special apparatus and technique.
Add 150 mL of resin to 200 mL of water in an appropriate bottle, and allow it to stand at least 4 hours to completely swell the resin.
Transfer, by means of a graduated cylinder, 100 mL of settled and completely swollen resin to the top screen of a series of the designated U.S. Standard 20.3-cm brass screens. Thoroughly wash the resin on each screen with a stream of water until the resin is completely classified, collecting the wash water in a suitable container. Wash the beads remaining on the respective screens back into the 100-mL graduate, and record the volume of settled resin on each screen. At least 70% of the resin will be within the specific mesh size.
[NoteA suitable resin is Dowex 50WX2, produced by Dow Chemical Co. (www.dow.com) and also available through Sigma-Aldrich (www.sigma-aldrich.com). ]
Cation-Exchange Resin, Styrene-Divinylbenzene, Strongly Acidic
Use a suitable grade.
[NoteA suitable grade is available commercially as Dowex 50-W- X8-100, from Sigma-Aldrich, www.sigma- aldrich.com. ]
Cation-Exchange Resin, Sulfonic Acid
Use a suitable grade.
[NoteA suitable grade is available commercially as Amberlyst 15 or as Dowex 50-W-X2 from Sigma-Aldrich, www.sigma-aldrich.com. ]
Cedar Oil (for clearing microscopic sections)
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Cellulose, Chromatographic
Use a suitable grade.
[NoteA suitable grade is available from EMD Chemicals, www.emdchemicals.com. ]
Cellulose, Microcrystalline
Use Cellulose, Microcrystalline, FCC.
Cellulose Mixture, Chromatographic
Use a suitable grade.
[NoteA suitable grade is available commercially, in precoated plate form, with fluorescent indicator, from EMD Chemicals, www.emdchemicals.com. ]
Ceric Ammonium Nitrate,
![]()
Ceric Ammonium Sulfate,
![]()
Ceric Sulfate,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Assay
Weigh accurately about 800 mg, transfer to a flask, add 25 mL of water and 3 mL of sulfuric acid, and warm until dissolved. Cool, and add 60 mL of a mixture of 1 volume of phosphoric acid and 20 volumes of water. Add 25 mL of potassium iodide solution (1 in 10), insert the stopper in the flask, and allow to stand for 15 minutes. Replace the air over the solution with carbon dioxide, and while continuing the flow of carbon dioxide into the flask, titrate the liberated iodine with 0.1 N sodium thiosulfate VS, adding 3 mL of starch TS as the endpoint is approached. Each mL of 0.1 N sodium thiosulfate is equivalent to 33.22 mg of Ce(SO4)2. Not less than 80.0% is found.
Chloride (Reagent test)
Dissolve 1 g in a mixture of 5 mL of nitric acid and 4 mL of water. Filter, if necessary, and dilute with water to 20 mL. To 10 mL of the dilution add 1 mL of silver nitrate TS, allow to stand for 10 minutes, and filter until clear. To the remaining 10 mL of test solution add 1 mL of silver nitrate TS: any turbidity produced does not exceed that in a control prepared by adding 0.05 mg of Cl to the filtrate obtained from the first 10 mL of test solution (0.01%).
Heavy metals
Heat 500 mg with a mixture of 10 mL of water and 0.5 mL of sulfuric acid until solution is complete. Cool, dilute with water to 50 mL, and bubble hydrogen sulfide gas through the solution until it is saturated: the precipitate that is formed is white or not darker than pale yellow.
Iron
Dissolve 100 mg in a mixture of 5 mL of water and 2 mL of hydrochloric acid, warming if necessary, and cool. Transfer to a glass-stoppered cylinder, dilute with water to 25 mL, and add 5 mL of ammonium thiocyanate TS and 25 mL of ether. Shake gently, but well, and allow the layers to separate: any pink color in the ether layer is not darker than that of a control, similarly prepared, containing 0.02 mg of added Fe (0.02%).
Cesium Chloride,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide
(CTAB; Cetrimide; Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide),
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Cetyltrimethylammonium Chloride, 25 Percent in Water,
![]()
Charcoal, Activated
(Activated Carbon; Decolorizing Carbon)
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Chenodeoxycholic Acid,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Assay
When tested by thin-layer chromatography, with the use of plates coated with chromatographic reversed-phase C18 mixture, a developing system consisting of 1 N acetic acid in methanol and 1 N acetic acid (19:1), and sprayed with a mixture of sulfuric acid and methanol (1:1), heated at 110
![]()
Melting range
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Chloramine T
(Sodium p-Toluenesulfonchloramide),
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Chlorine,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Chlorine Detector Tube
A fuse-sealed glass tube so designed that gas may be passed through it and containing suitable absorbing filters and support media for the indicator o-tolidine.
Measuring range:
0.2 to 3 ppm.
[NoteAvailable from Draeger Safety, Inc., www.draeger.com, or from Gastec Corp., www.gastec.co.jp, distributed in the USA by www.nextteq.com. ]
m-Chloroacetanilide,
![]()
Assay
Mobile phase
Prepare a mixture of acetonitrile and water (22:3).
Procedure
Inject about 20 µL into a suitable liquid chromatograph (see Chromatography
![]() ![]()
Melting range
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
p-Chloroacetanilide,
![]()
Solubility
One g dissolves in 30 mL of alcohol to form a clear solution.
Melting range
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Residue on ignition (Reagent test):
![]()
1-Chloroadamantane,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Assay
Inject an appropriate volume into a gas chromatograph (see Chromatography
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
3-Chloroaniline,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Assay
Inject an appropriate specimen into a gas chromatograph (see Chromatography
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Refractive index
![]() ![]() ![]()
p-Chloroaniline,
(4-Chloroaniline),
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Chlorobenzene,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
4-Chlorobenzoic Acid,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Assay
Dissolve about 700 mg, accurately weighed, in a mixture of 100 mL of hot alcohol and 50 mL of water. Titrate with 0.5 N sodium hydroxide VS, determining the endpoint potentiometrically. Perform a blank determination, and make any necessary correction. Each mL of 0.5 N sodium hydroxide is equivalent to 78.28 mg of ClC6H4COOH. Not less than 98% is found.
Solubility
One g dissolved in 25 mL of 0.5 N sodium hydroxide yields a clear and complete solution.
m-Chlorobenzoic Acid
(3-Chlorobenzoic Acid),
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
4-Chlorobenzophenone,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
2-Chloroethanol
(Ethylene Chlorohydrin),
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
2-Chloroethylamine Monohydrochloride,
![]()
Assay
Inject an appropriate specimen into a gas chromatograph (see Chromatography
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Melting range
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Chloroform,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Chloroform, Alcohol-Free
Use a suitable grade that does not contain alcohol as a stabilizer.
Chlorogenic Acid,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Assay
When tested by thin-layer chromatography (see Chromatography
![]() ![]()
Chloromethylated Polystyrene-Divinylbenzene Anion-exchange Resin
See Anion-exchange Resin, Chloromethylated Polystyrene-Divinylbenzene.
1-Chloronaphthalene
(
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Assay
Use a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame-ionization detector. The following conditions have been found suitable: a 3.2-mm × 1.83-m stainless steel column is packed with 7% phase G2 on support S1A; the injection port temperature is maintained at 250
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Refractive index
![]() ![]() ![]()
4-Chloro-1-naphthol,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
2-Chloronicotinic Acid,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Assay
Inject an appropriate volume into a gas chromatograph (see Chromatography
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
2-Chloro-4-nitroaniline, 99%,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Melting range
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Chloroplatinic Acid,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
5-Chlorosalicylic Acid,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Assay
When tested by thin-layer chromatography (see Chromatography
![]() ![]()
Melting range
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
1-Chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethylchlorodifluoromethyl Ether
Use a suitable grade.
Chlorotrimethylsilane
(Trimethylsylyl Chloride),
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
[CautionIt reacts vigorously with water, alcohols, and other hydrogen donors. Store in tight glass containers.
]
Refractive index
![]() ![]() ![]()
Chlortetracycline Hydrochloride
Use Chlortetracycline Hydrochloride (USP monograph).
Cholestane,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Add the following:
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Cholesterol,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Cholesteryl Benzoate,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Cholesteryl n-Heptylate
Use a suitable grade.
Choline Chloride,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Assay
Transfer about 100 mg, previously dried at 105
![]() ![]()
Residue on ignition
![]() ![]()
Chromatographic Reagents
See Reagents, Chromatographic Reagents.
[NoteListings of the numerical designations for phases (G), packings (L), and supports (S), together with corresponding brand names, are published periodically in Pharmacopeial Forum as a guide for the chromatographer. ]
Chromium Potassium Sulfate Dodecahydrate,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Chromium Trioxide,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Chromogenic Substrate for Amidolytic Test
Synthetic molecules consisting of tripeptides or tetrapeptides coupled to a chromophore. The terminal amino acid is specific for the protease utilized. The synthetic peptides mimic the peptide sequence (specific to the activated coagulation factor) of the active site on the natural substrate. The coagulation factor catalyzes the splitting of the chromophore (p-nitroaniline) from the peptide. The amount of release can be measured directly in a spectrophotometer, because the maximum absorbance spectra of the bound and free chromophores differ. The released chromophore is a colored compound; the complete substrate itself is colorless.
Molecular weights of the various substrates range from about 600 to 750 Da. Solubility in aqueous solutions can vary. Not all substrates are of equal sensitivity, and incubation periods may have to be extended.
Chromotrope 2R,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Chromotropic Acid
(4,5-Dihydroxy-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic Acid),
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Chromotropic Acid Disodium Salt
(4,5-Dihydroxy-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic Acid, Disodium Salt),
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Cinchonidine,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Assay
Dissolve about 125 mg, accurately weighed, in 50 mL of glacial acetic acid. Add a few drops of p-naphtholbenzein TS, and titrate with 0.1 N perchloric acid VS. Perform a blank determination, and make any necessary correction. Each mL of 0.1 N perchloric acid is equivalent to 14.72 mg of C19H22N2O. Not less than 99.0% is found.
Loss on drying
![]() ![]() ![]()
Melting range
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Specific rotation
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Cinchonine,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Assay
Dissolve about 125 mg, accurately weighed, in 50 mL of glacial acetic acid. Add a few drops of p-naphtholbenzein TS, and titrate with 0.1 N perchloric acid VS. Perform a blank determination, and make any necessary correction. Each mL of 0.1 N perchloric acid is equivalent to 14.72 mg of C19H22N2O. Not less than 99.0% is found.
Loss on drying
![]() ![]() ![]()
Melting range
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Specific rotation
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Cobalt Chloride
(Cobaltous Chloride),
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Cobalt Nitrate,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Change to read:
Cobaltous Acetate
(Cobalt Acetate),
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Coenzyme Q9
(Ubiquinone 45),
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Absorptivity
Its absorptivity at 275 nm, in alcohol solution, is about 1700.
Collagen
Use a suitable grade.
[NoteA suitable grade is acid-soluble Collagen Type I from calf skin, and is commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich Corp., www.sigma-aldrich.com; catalog number C3511. ]
Rat Tail Collagen
Use a suitable grade.
[NoteA suitable grade is available from BD Biosciences, www.bdbiosciences.com. ]
Collagenase
Use a suitable grade.
[NoteA suitable grade is commercially available as Collagenase Type 2, CLS-2, from Worthington Biochemical Corp., www.worthington-biochem.com. ]
Compactin,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
[NoteA suitable grade is available from Sigma-Aldrich, www.sigma-aldrich.com. ]
Congo Red,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Loss on drying
![]() ![]() ![]()
Residue on ignition
Accurately weigh about 1 g, previously dried at 105
![]()
Sensitiveness
To 50 mL of carbon dioxide-free water add 0.1 mL of congo red solution (1 in 1000). The red color of the solution is changed to violet by the addition of 0.05 mL of 0.10 N hydrochloric acid and is restored by the subsequent addition of 0.05 mL of 0.10 N sodium hydroxide.
Coomassie Blue G-250 (Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250, Serva Blue G),
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Copper,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Cortisone,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Absorption maximum
The UV absorption spectrum of a 1 in 100,000 solution in alcohol shows a maximum at about 238 nm.
Specific rotation
![]() ![]() ![]()
Cotton, Absorbent
Use Purified Cotton (USP monograph).
m-Cresol Purple,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Cupric Acetate,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Cupric Chloride,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Cupric Citrate
([Citrato(4-)]dicopper),
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Cupric Nitrate
![]() ![]() ![]()
Cupric Nitrate Hydrate,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
[NoteThis reagent is available containing either 2.5 or 3 molecules of water of hydration. ]
Cupric Sulfate,
![]()
Cupric Sulfate, Anhydrous,
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
Chloride (Reagent test)
One g shows not more than 0.02 mg of Cl (0.002%).
Substances not precipitated by hydrogen sulfide
Determine as directed for ACS reagent grade of Cupric Acetate: the residue weighs not more than 6 mg (0.15%).
Cupriethylenediamine Hydroxide Solution, 1.0 M
Use a suitable grade.
[NoteA suitable grade is available from GFS Chemicals, www.gfschemicals.com. ]
Cyanoacetic Acid,
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Assay
Dissolve about 300 mg, accurately weighed, in 25 mL of water and 25 mL of alcohol. Titrate with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide VS, determining the endpoint potentiometrically. Perform a blank determination and make any necessary corrections. Each mL of 0.1 N sodium hydroxide is equivalent to 85.06 mg of C3H3NO2. Not less than 99% is found.
Cyanogen Bromide,
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Solubility
Separate 1-g portions dissolve completely in 10 mL of water and in 10 mL of alcohol, respectively, to yield colorless solutions.
4-Cyanophenol
(4-Hydroxybenzonitrile),
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Cyclam
(1,4,8,11-Tetraazacyclotetradecane),
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[NoteA suitable grade is available from Fluka, www.sigma-aldrich.com, catalog number 28705. ]
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Cyclohexane,
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Cyclohexanol,
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Assay
When examined by gas-liquid chromatography, using suitable gas chromatographic apparatus and conditions, it shows a purity of not less than 98%.
Melting temperature:
about 23
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Specific gravity:
about 0.962, at 20
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(1,2-Cyclohexylenedinitrilo)tetraacetic Acid
(trans-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N¢,N¢-tetraacetic Acid),
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Cyclohexylmethanol,
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l-Cystine,
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Specific rotation
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Loss on drying
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Residue on ignition (Reagent test):
not more than 0.1%.
Auxiliary Information
Please check for your question in the FAQs before contacting USP.
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