Nobelium

Literature References: No; at. no. 102; valence 2, 3. Man-made radioactive element. No stable nuclides; known isotopes (mass numbers): 250-259. Longest-lived known isotope: 259 (T½ 1.00 hours, a-emitter, rel. at. mass 259.1011). Discovery of element 102 first claimed by P. R. Fields et al., Phys. Rev. 107, 1460 (1957); later experiments failed to confirm these results. Prepn of isotope originally assigned mass 254, later identified as 252No (T½ 2.3 sec, a-emitter) by 244Cm(12C,4n) reaction: A. Ghiorso et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 1, 18 (1958). Prepn of 259No by bombardment of 248Cm with 18O ions: Silva et al., Nucl. Phys. A 216, 97 (1973), C.A. 80, 43040g (1974). Reviews: G. T. Seaborg, J. Chem. Educ. 36, 38-44 (1959); A. Ghiorso, T. Sikkeland, Phys. Today 20 (9), 25-32 (1967); G. N. Flerov, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission JINR-D7-3444 (1967) 36 pp, C.A. 68, 34658q (1968); C. Keller, The Chemistry of the Transuranium Elements (Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, English Ed., 1971) pp 601-607; Silva, "Trans-Curium Elements" in MTP Int. Rev. Sci.: Inorg. Chem., Ser. One vol. 8, A. G. Maddock, Ed. (University Park Press, Baltimore, 1972) pp 71-105; Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry vol. 5, J. C. Bailar, Jr., et al., Eds. (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1973) passim; Ghiorso, Handb. Exp. Pharmakol. 36, 691-715 (1973); Taylor, ibid. 717-738 (1973); R. J. Silva in The Chemistry of the Actinide Elements vol. 2, J. J. Katz et al., Eds. (Chapman and Hall, New York, 1986) pp 1096-1099; The Elements Beyond Uranium, G. T. Seaborg, W. D. Loveland, Eds. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1990) pp 46-49.